International Sectoral Data Base (ISDB)
Methoden, Erläuterungen und Klassifizierung
Erläuterungen Table 1.1 Exchange rates and Purchasing Power Parities, 1985
Countries Exchange Rates PPP (GDP) PPP (GFCF) United States 1.000 1.000 1.000 Canada 1.365 1.282 1.254 Japan 238.54 219.078 240.88 Germany 2.943 2.209 2.491 France 8.985 6.605 7.380 Italy 1909.44 1216.664 1549.745 United Kingdom 0.779 0.549 0.704 Australia 1.432 1.183 1.183 Netherlands 3.321 2.475 2.866 Belgium 59.378 40.309 46.63 Denmark 10.596 9.254 10.07 Norway 8.597 9.507 8.323 Sweden 8.604 7.949 8.554 Finland 6.198 5.791 5.187 National currencies per US dollars
A. The measurement of capital stocks
In the ISDB, gross capital stock data are used as measures of
capital input in the production process, representing the total volume of the existing physical capital assets available in the respective countries and sectors. Gross capital stocks are not, however, generally available at the detailed sector level for many of the countries.
When official fixed capital stock data are available and when these data are consistent with the gross fixed capital formation in the data base, they are stored in ISDB. But where official data are missing, estimates have been made using a perpetual inventory model similar to that used by national administrations. The following paragraphs describe the basic procedures involved.
The perpetual inventory method simulates the process of capital accumulation, using data for past capital formation expenditures adjusted for scrapping, according to the following relationship:
GCS = Σ INVj * gj
where GCS = gross capital stock in constant prices INV = gross fixed capital formation in constant prices g = the survival coefficient j = vintage of investment
The survival coefficient, g, represents the amount of capital formation of a given vintage still installed at a given point in time. The capital stock estimate is thus related to capital which is believed to be available, but not necessarily utilised: The survival coefficient lies between 1 and 0 and is commonly assurned to be a decreasing function of time. The exact values are usually defined in terms of certain "survival" or "mortality" functions, which, in practise, vary widely between different national statistical offices1.
1 For surveys of these methods, see WARD, M. (1969), "The Measurement of capital", OECD, Paris
In the calculations reported here, a delayed linear retirement pattern is assumed, with scrapping beginning five years after the capital asset has been installed. Such a mortality function is flexible, easy to use and consistent with the assumption of an acceleration in the rate of scrapping as capital assets approach the end of their service lives. It also comes close to the class of survival functions used by a majority of national statistical offices.
The impact of a delay in scrapping on the estimated levels of the capital stock depends on the rate of growth of capital investment. If investment is not growing, the estimated level of the capital stock is not affected by the delay. If the level of investment is rising over time, the estimated level of the capital stock will be higher, the longer the initial delay period. Conversely, its level will be smaller when investment is failing. A number of alternative specifications have also been considered, but the gross capital stock estimates proved to be relatively insensitive to the choice of mortality functions, except in the case of extreme assumptions, such as "simultaneous exits" or "sudden deaths", as reported by Blades (1983)2.
2 BLADES, D.(1983), "Service lives of fixed assets", OECD Economics department working paper No.4, March
To stay as close as possible to the official fixed capital stock data, ISDB utilised service life statistics for capital assets as published by national sources (see those cited by the OECD (1993)3, and Pacoud (1983)4). The service life statistics are expressed in the form of the average service life, the ASL, of the asset. They are employed to calculate the values of the survival coefficient - g - in formula [1] .
3 OECD Statistics Directorate (1993), Methods used by OECD countries to measure stocks of fixed capital", National accounts: sources and methods no 2, Paris
4 PACCOUD, T.(1983), "Le Stock de capital fixe industriel dans les pays de la Communauté Européenne: vers une comparabilité accrue", Etudes de Compatibilité, No.2, Eurostat, Luxembourg.
The stochastic process that determines the survival of a given investment can be formulated in several ways. For instance the density function shows the amount of investment of a certain age scrapped during the year. Here this function is a straight line, since a linear retirement pattern is assumed where the same amount - a - is scrapped each year. This straight line is shown in graph A as P5-P6 and its value is P6-P3. Other specifications are possible, sometimes a bell shaped scrapping profile is assumed. Thus at the start only a small amount of the original investment is scrapped. Afterwards the scrapping accelerates till it has reached a maximum value. A decline will follow till scrapping becomes practically equal to zero.
An equivalent way of specifying the stochastic process is the distribution function (D). This gives the cumulative share of the investment scrapped. At the start it is zero and at the end one. It is indicated by the line ax where x stands for the age of the investment good and a for the amount scrapped. The mirror image of this function is the survival function (Y) which gives the share of the original investment still in the capital stock and is equal to the coefficient g in equation [1] . It is thus the reverse of the distribution function: namely equal to one in the begining and zero at the end. In the graph, it is visualised by the line 1-ax. Thus the part scrapped of the original investment at age x is:
D = ax
and the part still left in the capital stock or the survival function:
Y= 1-ax
If the last depreciation has taken place in period n then:
D=an= 1
Y= 1 -an=0
Thus 1 a = _ n
The average service life (ASL) is equal to the sum of the parts of the initial investment scrapped multiplied by the relevant class average of their age (x + 1/2) over the period 0 to n.
1 1
ASL= Σ a(x+ - )= aΣ (x) + an * -
2 2
Σ(x) is an example of an arithmetic progression and remembering 1 that a = - n
1 n(n-1) 1 n n
ASL = - * ------ + - * - = -
n 2 n 2 2
Thus n can be calculated when ASL is known:
n = 2 * ASL
and g in fonnula [ 1 ] becomes
1 1 1
g = (1-a(x + - )) = (1 -[---------](x + - )]
2 2* ASL 2
The delayed scrapping can now be introduced starting in period S. Thus n = m + S. This leads to the following function for GCS used in the ISDB for the capital stock calculation:
1
GCS = Σ INVt - i(for i=0 to S-1) + Σ [(1-am+ -))INVt -m -s]
2
In graph A, the capital stock is represented by the surface P1, P2, P3, P4 and P1. This surface has the same size as the area representing the capital stock obtained with the same average service life but assuming a sudden death at the age ASL. This underlines the point made earlier that the assumption about the shape of the survival curve does not have a big impact on the size of the capital stock if investment stays rather constant over time.
For comparative purposes, the capital stock data thus obtained are expressed in constant US dollars (see table 1.1). The average service life assumptions used are reported on the next page.
The scrapping rate assumptions used by different national authorities tend to differ widely, for reasons which reflect the methods of estimation used rather than fundamental differences in the nature of the capital goods or their utilisation. For example, the assumed average service life of buildings in manufacturing is 42 years in Finland, compared with 70 years in Sweden. To analyse in greater detail the importance of such differences for the estimation of total factor productivity growth (see part 3 section B), some preliminary tests were carried out: factor productivity estimates were first calculated, by sector, using capital stock estimates based on cross-country mean average service life for each sector ; these were then compared with alternative estimates based on country-specific scrapping rate assumptions. The resulting differences in estimates were found to be quite significant for the levels of capital stock estimates but relatively minor for factor productivity growth. In general, it was found that use of sectoral mean ASLs tended to give capital/output ratios which were more similar between countries, as might be expected.
A major diffculty in estimating capital stocks; whether at an aggregate or sectoral level, is the lack of sufficiently long capital expenditure time series and adequate historical benchmarks. In the present study, specifc procedures were adopted using a combination of the available time-series information and « reasonable » assumptions concerning the capital-output ratio, the scrapping rate and the intersectoral distribution of capital. Essentially, these procedures involved the estimation of capital stock benchmarks and corresponding investment data for the period 1967 to 1973. The resulting historical time series estimates for investment by sector were then combined with actual data for the period 1970 to 1995 and passed through the capital stock estimation procedure described by equation [11] above $.
5 In calculating consistent capital expenditure series, the following steps were taken : a) Benchmark indices for the capital stock at an aggregate level were calculated for the period 1860 to 1930 with available output growth rates for this period and unchanged capital-output ratios and then extrapolated from 1930 to 1980, using annual output series.
b) Given the resulting capital stock series, corresponding investment time series estimates were then calculated and re-scaled, on a sectoral basis, using the average recorded levels for 1967 to 1973.
c) The resulting reference series were then merged with actual data, starting from the earliest period for which sectoral data were available.
d) The capital stocks were then recalculated, using equations [1] and [11] on the basis of the merged investment time series for the period 1860 to 1995.
Average Service Lives 6
ISDB CAN USA JAP AUS BEL FIN FRA codes ME BC TOT ME BC TOT ME BC TOT ME BC TOT ME BC TOT ME BC TOT ME BC TOT .AGR 10 28 15 17 38 23 6 44 18 13 43 22 15 30 20 14 50 25 10 40 19 .MlD 20 27 22 13 27 17 8 35 16 16 31 21 15 30 20 20 27 22 18 35 23 .MAN 22 44 29 17 29 21 11 43 21 19 39 25 15 31 20 17 42 25 18 37 23 ..FOD 28 43 33 20 29 23 11 43 21 19 43 26 15 43 23 20 42 27 17 35 22 ..TEX 21 43 28 16 29 20 10 43 20 19 43 26 15 43 23 19 42 26 21 35 25 ..WOD 26 43 31 13 29 18 10 43 20 19 43 26 15 43 23 18 42 25 21 35 25 ..PAP 26 44 31 16 29 20 12 44 22 19 44 26 15 44 24 17 42 25 21 40 27 ..CHE 19 42 26 17 29 21 9 42 19 19 42 26 15 42 23 18 42 25 17 35 22 ..MNM 26 42 31 19 29 22 9 42 19 19 42 26 15 42 23 15 42 23 17 35 22 ..BMI 22 42 28 27 29 28 13 42 22 19 42 26 20 42 27 15 42 23 21 35 25 ..MEQ 24 43 30 19 29 22 11 43 21 19 43 26 15 43 23 15 42 23 17 35 22 …BMA 21 43 28 24 29 26 11 43 21 19 43 26 15 43 23 15 42 23 17 35 22 …MAI 21 43 28 25 29 26 12 43 21 19 43 26 15 43 23 15 42 23 17 35 22 …MlO 23 43 29 19 29 22 11 43 21 19 43 26 15 43 23 15 42 23 17 35 22 …MEL 22 43 28 14 29 19 10 43 20 19 43 26 15 43 23 15 42 23 17 35 22 …MTR 30 43 34 15 29 19 11 43 21 19 43 26 15 43 23 15 42 23 17 35 22 ..MOT 13 43 22 15 29 19 11 43 21 19 43 26 15 43 23 20 42 27 21 40 27 .EGW 35 55 41 20 28 22 15 48 25 24 48 31 20 40 26 25 40 30 17 38 23 .CST 10 25 15 12 29 17 5 43 16 13 45 23 15 30 20 10 35 18 13 30 18 .RET 20 50 29 11 35 18 10 49 22 16 51 27 15 30 20 15 40 23 21 30 24 ..RWH 20 50 29 11 35 18 10 49 22 16 51 27 15 30 21 15 40 23 21 30 24 ..HOT 20 50 29 11 48 22 17 56 29 15 51 26 17 60 30 17 55 28 17 30 21 .TRS 15 50 26 18 31 22 17 45 25 20 50 29 15 30 20 17 45 25 13 40 21 ..COM 15 50 26 18 31 22 17 45 25 20 50 29 15 30 20 17 45 25 13 40 21 .FNI 15 50 26 12 36 19 15 50 25 13 58 26 15 30 20 10 40 19 17 30 21 ..FNS 15 50 26 12 36 19 15 50 25 13 58 26 15 30 20 10 40 19 17 30 21 ..RES .. 62 62 .. 72 72 .. 47 47 .. 62 62 .. 62 62 .. 62 62 .. 62 62 .SOC 20 50 29 11 48 22 17 56 29 15 51 26 17 60 30 17 55 28 17 30 21 TIN 19 44 27 19 38 25 15 49 25 16 47 25 16 36 22 16 43 24 16 34 21 PGS 20 53 35 15 50 35 .. .. 35 15 54 35 15 80 35 .. 60 35 17 30 35 TET 20 45 28 17 40 24 17 50 27 15 40 23 19 48 28 17 45 25 17 35 22
Explanation of column headings:
ME: Machinery and equipment BC: Building and construction TOT: Total capital stock
6 ISDB estimates Source: Methods used by OECD Countries to measure Stocks of Fixed Capital - OECD, Paris (1993)
Average Service Lives (continued)
DEU ITA NOR SWE GBR AVR ISDB ME BC TOT ME BC TOT ME BC TOT ME BC TOT ME BC TOT ME BC TOT codes 15 69 31 18 44 26 15 44 24 17 60 30 13 40 21 14 44 23 .AGR 15 41 23 17 35 23 16 35 22 30 70 42 16 20 17 17 35 23 .MlD 15 41 23 17 38 23 25 43 31 23 70 37 26 60 36 19 43 26 MAN 15 41 23 18 40 25 25 43 30 20 70 35 26 60 36 20 43 27 .FOD 15 41 23 18 40 25 25 43 30 20 70 35 26 60 36 19 43 26 ..TEX 12 41 21 18 37 24 25 43 30 15 70 32 23 60 34 18 43 25 ..WOD 16 41 24 16 40 23 25 44 31 30 70 42 32 60 40 20 44 27 PAP 17 41 24 16 35 22 25 42 30 20 70 35 25 60 36 18 42 25 ..CHE 14 41 22 16 35 22 25 42 30 33 70 44 24 60 35 19 42 26 ..MNM 17 41 24 15 35 21 25 42 30 35 70 46 26 60 36 21 42 28 ..BMI 14 41 22 17 40 24 25 43 30 22 70 36 26 60 36 19 43 26 ..MEQ 14 41 22 20 40 26 25 43 30 25 70 39 26 60 36 19 43 26 …BMA 13 41 21 16 40 23 25 43 30 25 70 39 25 60 36 19 43 26 …MAl 14 41 22 16 40 23 25 43 30 22 70 36 26 60 36 18 43 26 …MlO 15 41 23 16 40 23 25 43 30 25 70 39 25 60 36 18 43 26 …MEL 14 41 22 16 40 23 25 43 30 15 70 32 27 60 37 18 43 26 …MTR 16 41 24 18 36 23 25 43 30 20 70 35 24 60 35 18 43 26 ..MOT 17 62 31 18 35 23 25 48 32 35 75 47 27 53 35 23 48 31 .EGW 10 47 21 18 40 25 12 43 21 10 75 30 26 80 42 13 43 22 .CST 12 66 28 16 49 26 15 49 25 15 75 33 30 80 45 16 49 26 .RET 12 66 28 16 49 26 15 49 25 15 75 33 30 80 45 16 49 26 ..RWH 13 65 29 17 56 29 20 56 31 20 75 37 17 75 35 17 56 29 ..HOT 13 42 22 17 45 25 17 45 25 17 70 33 20 55 31 17 45 25 TRS 13 42 22 17 45 25 17 45 25 17 70 33 20 55 31 17 45 25 ..COM 13 68 29 15 50 25 15 50 25 20 75 37 21 80 39 15 50 25 FNI 13 68 29 15 50 25 15 50 25 20 75 37 21 80 39 15 50 25 .FNS .. 62 62 .. 62 62 .. 62 62 .. 75 75 .. 100100 .. 62 62 ..RES 13 65 29 17 56 29 20 56 31 20 75 37 17 75 35 17 56 29 .SOC 14 57 27 18 39 24 18 .. .. 25 72 39 30 67 41 18 48 27 TIN 15 77 35 .. .. 35 20 .. 35 20 75 35 20 75 35 .. .. 35 PGS 17 50 27 17 45 25 19 48 28 20 65 34 30 75 44 19 48 28 TET
Explanation of column headings:
ME: Machinery and equipment BC: Building and construction TOT: Total capital stock AVR: Average
B. Total Factor Productivity (TFP)
The concept of total factor productivity (TFP), has been the focus of interest in a number of recent studies, notably at the level of aggregate manufacturing industry and the business sector. The ISDB permits the extension of a similar approach to a number of individual sectors of the economy. Essentially, total factor productivity growth is calculated as the difference between output growth and the weighted growth of factor inputs, in this case capital and labour inputs. A common assumption is to use the respective factor shares in total costs as individual factor weights, following a Cobb-Douglas type production function freework.
The lack of data relating to hours worked, both for labour and capital, represents an important limitation to the existing TFP measures, particularly at a sectoral level. Hours-worked data are not always ideal, since they often relate to hours paid for rather than hours actually worked. The latter might be lower during periods of labour hoarding than in periods of labour scarcity, even with identical numbers of hours worked recorded. For capital, too, working hours may differ from those reported for labour, for example as the result of multiple shift work which in many countries has tended to increase the length of the "work week" of fixed capital over the period. In any event the relevant data are not available at the sector level used in this database.
Although it is fairly common practise to use calculated
factor shares to aggregate labour and capital as a composite measure of inputs into the production process, preliminary inspection of the data sources suggests that the automatic use of theavailable data for different variables and clifferent sectors may be hazardous. Indeed, in a number of cases important differences in factor shares, both between sectors and countries, seem more likely to reflect differences in the coverage of individual categories of data than actual differences in factor shares.
To assess the extent of this kind of problem, factor shares have been calculated by country and sector on the following basis : ET SW = COMP .— / VA* EE
Where : SW = share of labour in value added ET = total employment EE = total employees COMP = compensation of employees VA* = value added, at current prices
In these calculations, total compensation is re-scaled by the ratio of total employment to total employees in order to include also self-employed in the weighting scheme. In effect, the self employed are assurned to be paid same average rate of compensation as employees and the same marginal rate of productivity is assumed for dependent and independent workers7.
7 In a number of cases, notably in sectors where unpaid family workers are included in the category of independent workers or self-employed, such an adjustment can introduce a distorsion such that the calculated labour weights exceeds 100 per cent. In such cases, the labour weights were set to the sample mean values.
Analysis of these data across countries shows some important outliners, with the most notable differences occurring in the calculated labour shares for agriculture, mining, social services, basic metals and residual manufacturing. Nonetheless, there is a striking tendency, with the majority of sectors in the majority of countries showing labours shares very close to 70 per cent. The main systematic sectoral differences across countries are for government services with a labour share of 94 per cent and for "Electricity, gas and water", "mining and quarrying" and "Real estate", with labour shares slightly below one-third.
The main reason for the high labour share in the government sector is the omission of imputed rents for its capital stock in the national account system. It has not been tried here to estimate weights for the two production factors and therefore the government TFP has not been calculated. It also might be questioned whether the calculation of TFP for agricultural sector is relevant since e.g. land is not included in the capital stock.
Given these weights, total factor prnductivity indices were calculated using the formula: VA TFP =[————————]/TFP0 ET(w) * GCS(1-w) where : TFP = total factor productivity index GCS = Gross capital stock VA = value added w = standardised labour share weights TFP0 = Total factor productivity, 1985 value
C. References
Allsop, C.J. (1985), "Economic growth", in Morris Dered (ed.), The Economic system in the United Kingdom, Oxford University Press.
Bacharach, M. (1970), "Biproportional Matrices and Input-Output change", Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Baumol, W. J. (1986), "Productivity Growth, Convergence and Welfare", American Economic Review, Vol. 76, No. 5, December, pp. 1072-1085.
Balassa, B. (1967), "Trade Liberalisation among Industrial Countries", New York.
Blades, D. (1983), "Service Lives of Fixed Assets", OECD Economics Department Working Paper no.4, March
Bowen, H.P. (1983), "On the Theoritical Interpretation of Indices of Trade Intensity and Revealed Comparative Advantage", Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, No. 119, Vol. 3, August, pp. 402-414
Denison, E.F. (1967), "Why Growth Rates differ", Brookings Institute, Washington, D.C.
EEC (1985), "The determinants of Supply in Industry in the EEC" in European Economy, No.25, Brussels, pp. 90-93.
Englander, A.S. (1988), "Tests of total factor Productivity Measurement", OECD Economics department Working Paper No. 54
Englander, A.S. and Gurney, A (1994) "La productivité dans la zone de l'OCDE: Les déterminants à moyen terme" and "Croissance de la productivité dans la zone de l'OCDE: tendances a moyen tenne", Rewe économique de l'OCDE No. 22, Printemps
Englander , A.S., R. Evenson and M. Hanazaki (1988), "R & D, Innovation and the Total Factor Productivity Slowdown", OECD Economic studies No. 11, Autumn
Englander, A.S. and Mittelstadt, A. (1988), "Total Factor Productivity: Macroeconomic and Structural Aspects of the Slowdown", OECD Economic Studies No. 10, Spring, pp. 7-56.
Foos, M.F. (1985), "Changing Utilisation of Fixed Capital and Long-term Growth " in U.S. Department of Labor, Monthly Labor Review (May), Washington, pp. 3-8.
Lunch, R.G. (1984), "An assessment of the RAS method for Updating Input-output Tables", in Proceedings of the Seventh International Conferences on Input-Output Techniques, United Nations, New York, pp. 281-296.
Maddison, A. (1982), Phases of Capitalist Development, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Maddison, A. (1987), "Growth and Slowdown in Advanced Capitalist Economies", joumal of Economic Literature, Vol. 25, June, pp. 281-296.
Mitchell, B.R. (1975), European Historical Statistics, 1750-1970, Hazell. Watson and Vinley, Great Britain.
OECD (1985), Economic Outlook 39, Paris, p.10
OECD (1993), Methods used by OECD countires to measure stocks offixed Capital, Paris, 1993.
OECD (1987), S·uctural adjustment and Economic Perfonnance, Paris, pp. 13-49
Paccoud, T. (1983), Le Stock de capital fixe industriel dans les pays de la Communauté Européenne: vers une comparabilité accrue, Etudes de Comptabilité No. 2, Eurostat, Luxembourg.
Stone, R. (1963), "Input-Output Relationships, 1954-1966", Vol. 3, in A Program for Growth, Department of Applied Economics, Cambridge Univeisity, Chapman and Hall, London
United Nations (1973), Input-Output Tables and Analysis, Studies in Methods, United Nations Publications, New York.
United Nations (1986), "Alternative Measures of Productivity Growth in the Manufacturing sector of the Market Economies" in Economic survey of Europe in 1985-1986, Geneva.
U.S. Department of Commerce (1966), Long Term Economic Growth, 1860-1965, Washington.
Verdoorn, P.J. (1949), "Fattori che regolano lo sviluppo della produttivitá del laboro" in L'Industria.
Ward, M. (1976), The measurement of Capital, OECD, Paris
Ward, M. (1985), Purchasing Power Parities and Real Expenditures in the OECD, OECD, Paris.
Industry coverage
The general sectoral breakdown used is taken from the International Standard Industrial Classifcation (ISlI) (see table 3.1.) currently used in the OECD National Accounts (ANA) publication. The latter represents the primary source of information for most countries, along with the OECD Labour force Statistics (LFS) publication. For EU countries, data are also drawn from Eurostat ("National Accounts ESA, detailed tables by branch")
The Eurostat data are classifed according to the NACE classifcation (see table 3.2.) which differ from the ISIC. In developing sector groupings, the matching of ISIC sectors against NACE sectors involves a considerable degree of aggregation and approximation (see table 3.3.).
A detailed comparison of the industry coverage is given in this part. The following sources have been used.
"A System of National Accounts"
Studies in methods, series F, n 2, revision 3
Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office
of the United Nations;United Nations - New York, 1968
"International Standard Industrial Classifcation for all
Economic Activity (ISIC)" Statistical papers, series M, no4,
revision 2 Departmnent of Economic and Social Affairs,
Statistical Office of the United Nations
United Nations - New York, 1968
"European System of Integrated Economic Accounts (ESA)
NACE/CLlO classifcation and coding of branches and products
(R44, R25, R6) Second edition - Eurostat - Luxembourg, 1979
Table 3.1. Internatio±al Standard Industrial Classification, ISIC (Classifcation Internationale Type par Industrie, CITI)
-ISIC major division
Row ISDB —ISIC division number codes —-ISIC major group Title of category
Table 3.2. General Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities in the European Communities (Nomenclature des Activités dans les Communautés Européennes, NACE)
Row ISDB NACE-CLlO number codes R6/R25 Description
Table 3.3. Relation between ISIC and NAGE branches codes (Relation entres les codes de la CITI et ceux de la NACE)
ISDB NACE
ISIC definitions ISIC R6 NACE defnitions
codes R25
Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing AGR O1 Agricuitural, forestry and fishery products Mining and quarrying MID - Electricity, gas and water EGW 06 Fuel and power products
Manufacturing MAN 30 Manufactured products Food, beverages and tabacco FOD 36 Food, beverages and tobacco Textiles, wearing apparel and leather industries TEX 42 Textile and clothing, leather and footwear Wood, and wood products, including furniture WOD - Paper and paper products, printing and publishing PAP 47 Paper and printing products Chemicals and chemical petroleum, coal, rubber, etc.CHE 17,49 Chemical products + Rubber and plastic products Non-metallic mineral products MNM 15 Non-metallic minerals and mineral product Basic metal industries BMI 13 Ferrous and non-ferrous ores and metals, etc. Fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment MEQ - Sum ofbranches 19, 21, 23, 25 and 28 Fabricated metal products, except machinery etc. BMA 19 Metal products, except machinery etc. Machinery ezcept electrical MAI 21 Agricultural and industrial machinery Professional, scientific, measuring, and etc. MIO 23 Office and data processing machines, precision etc. Electrical machinery apparatus, etc. MEL 25 Electrical goods Transport equipment MTR 28 Transport equipment Other manufacturing industries MOT 48 Other manufactured products
Construction CST 53 Building and construction
Wholesale and retail trade, restaurants and hotels RET - Surn ofbranches 56 and 59 Wholesale trade and retail trade RWH 56 Recovery & repair serv., wholesale & ietail trade Restaurants and hotels HOT 59 Lodging and catering services
Transport, storage and communication TRS 61,63,Inland transport + Maritime and air transport + 65,67 Auxiliary transport + Communication services Communication COM 67 Communication services
Finance, insurance, real estate, business services FNI - Financial institutions and insurance FNS 69A Services of credit and insurance institutions Real estate and business services RES -
Community, social and personal services SOC 74 Other market services
Total industries TIN - Producers of government services PGS - General government services Other producers OPR - Other non-market services Total TET - Total of branches
Major differences between ISIC and NACE: Mining and quarrying (MID in ISIC) are included partly in EGW and partly in MAN Petroleum (part of CHE in ISIC) is included in Fuel and Power products (EGW in NACE). Manufacture of Wood (WOD in ISIC) is included in Other Manufacturing products (MOT in NACE) Real estate and Business services (RES in ISIC) are included in Other market services (SOC in NACE) Recovery and repair services (part of SOC in ISIC) are included in Wholesale and Retail trade (RWH)
AGR
Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing
Agriculture and hunting
Agriculture and livestock production
Growing field crops, fruits, grapes, nuts, seeds, tree nurseries, except those of forest trees, bulbs, vegetables, flowers both in the open and under glass; tea, coffee, cocoa and rubber plantations; raising of livestock, poultry, rabbits, bees, fur-bearing or other animals; the production of milk, wool, fur, eggs, honey; and silk worm egg and cocoon raising. Also included are establishments primarily engaged in landscape gardening, e.g., the planting and care of lawns, flower gardens, shade and ornamental trees. The processing and agricultural products on farms and plantations is covered in this group if it is not feasible to report separately on the production of agricultural products, e.g., grapes, rubber, tea leaves, olive oil nuts, milk, and the processing of these commodities.
Agricultural, animal husbandry and horticultural services on a fee or contact basis, such as harvesting, baling, threshing, husking and shelling; preparing of tobacco for auctioning; animal shearing; pest destroying and spraying; seeding and spraying by aircraft; pruning; picking of fruits and vegetables and packing on the farm and on the account of the producers elsewhere; and the operation of irrigation system. The provision on a fee or contract basis, of agricultural equipment along with the services of drivers and other attendants of the equipment, is covered in this group, but the letting of agricultural equipment solely, is classifed in group 833 (machinery rental and leasing). Veterinary services on a fee or contract basis are classifed in group 9332 (veterinary services); establishments primarily engaged in the transportation of farm products are classifed in the appropriate group of division 71 (transport and storage); and the operators of horse and dog racing stables are classifed in group 9490 (amusement and recreation services, not elsewhere classifed)
Commercial hunting and trapping, and game propagation for commercial puiposes other the sport.
Forestry and lodging
Forestry
The operation of timber tracts; forest tree nurseries; planting, replanting and conservation of forest; gathering of uncultivated materials such as ums and resins wild rubber, saps, barks, herbs, wild fruits and flowers, mosses, leaves, needles, reeds and roots; and the concentrating and distilling of sap and charcoal burning when carned on in the forest. Establishments primarily engaged in providing forestry services on a fee or contract basis are included in this group.
Logging camps, logging contractors, and loggers primarily engaged in cutting timber and in producing rough, round, hewn, or riven forest or wood raw materials. Independent contractors engaged in cutting timber, but who perform no cutting operations are classifed in group 7114 (freight transport by road). However, the hauling and transportation of timber (trucking, rafting, etc.) up to the point of delivery to a transport or manufactoring establishment is included in this group. Logging and woods operation conducted in combination with saw mills, pulp mills, or other convering establishments which cannot be separately reported, are classifed in group 3311 (Sawmills, planing and other wood mills), group 3411 (manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard) or group 3511 (manufacture of basic industrial chemicals), respectively.
Fishing
Ocean and coastal fishing Commercial fishing in ocean, coastal, off shore and estuary waters, including factory-type fishing vessels and fleets engaged in catching and processing. This consists of catching or taking fish, crustacea and molluscs; seal hunting; gathering of uncultivated sea weeds, sea shells, pearls, oysters, clams, lobsters, crabs, shellfish, sponges, turtles and other ocean and coastal water products. Factory-type vessels engaged in processing fish only, which can be treated as individual establishments, are classified in group 3114 (processing of fish crustacea and similar foods).
Fishing not elsewhere classified Commercial catching, taking and gathering of fish and uncultivated plant life in inland waters; operators of fish hatcheries and oyster beds and farms; and cultivated pearl and laver beds. Also included are fishery services on a fee or contract basis.
NACE-CLIO (R44)
O1. Agrirultural, forestry and fishery products O11. Vegetable products from agriculture and forests O12. Wine O13. Olive oil, unrefined 014. Animal products from agriculture and hunting 019. Agricultural products which are exclusively imported 020. Forestry products 030. Fishery products
MID
Mining and quarrying is here used in a broad sense to include the extraction, dressing and beneficiating of minerals occurring naturaly : solids, such as coal and ores; liquids, such as crude petroleum; and gases, such as natural gas. Mining includes underground and surface mines, quarnes and wells and all supplemental activities for dressing and beneficiating ores and other crude materials, such as crushing, screening, washing, cleaning, grading, milling, flotation, melting, pelleting, topping and other preparations needed to render the material marketable. Mining activities are classifed into divisions, major groups and group on the basis of the principal mineral produced.
Excluded from this major division are works performed on a contract or fee basis in the development and preparation of mineral properties and sites (included in major division 5, construction, CST) or in prospecting for minerals (included in group 8324, engineering, architectural and technical services, RES). The purification and distribution of water is classifed in group 4200 (water works and supply, EGW); the bottling of natural spring and mineral waters at springs and wells is classifed in group 3134 (Soft drinks and carbonated water industries, FOD); and the crushing, grinding or otherwise treating certain earths, rocks, and minerals not carned on in conjunction with mining and quarrying activities is included in group 3699 (Manufacture of non-metallic mineral product, n.e.c., MNM)
Mines primarily engaged in producing anthracite, bituminous coal, brown coal and lignite; and coal crushing, pulverizing, cleaning, screening, and sizing plants, whether or not operated in conjunction with the mines served. Also included is the agglomeration of coal and lignite into briquettes and other packaged fuels at mining sites. The manufacture of briquettes and other package fuels from purchased coal or lignite is classified in group 3540 (Manufacture of miscellaneous products of petroleum and coal, CHE). The mining and preparation of peat is classifed in group 2909 (Mining and quarrying not elsewhere classifed, MID).
Oil well and natural gas well operations; exploration for crude petroleum and natural gas and drilling, completing and equipping wells when not performed on a fee or contract basis; operation of separators, emulsion breakers, desilting equipment, topping and all other activities involved in mining oil and gas marketable up to the point of shipment from the producing area. Also included are the mining of oil shale and oil sands and the extraction of oil therefrom; and the production of liquid hydrocarbons from oil and gas field gases. Recovery of liquefied petroleum gases incident to petroleum refining or to the manufacturing of chemicals is classifed in the appropriate group of division 35 (Manufacture of chemicals and of chemical petroleum, coal, rubber and plastic products, CHE). The independent operation of oil and gas pipe lines is classified in group 7155 (pipeline transport, TRS).
Metal ore mining
Iron ore mining Mines engaged in extraction of iron ore, magniferous iron ore and iron sand; and establishments engaged in beneficiating and otherwise preparing such ores. Pyrite and pyrrhotite mining is classifed in group 2902 (chemical and fertilizer mineral mining).
Non-ferrous ore mining Mining of non-ferrous metal ores; and dressing, beneficiating and otherwise preparing such ores.
Other mining
Stone quarrying, clay and sand pits The extraction from the earth of building and monumental stone (including slate); ceramic, refractory and other clay; and all sand and gravel. The shaping of or the pulverizing, grinding, and otherwise treating stone, gravel, clay or sand when not performed in conjunction with extraction or quarrying, activities is classifed in group 3699 (Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products n.e.c., MNM)
Chemical and fertilizer mineral mining The mining and quarrying of phosphate and nitrate minerals, flourspar, sulphur ores and natural sulphur, potash, sodium and borate minerals, barytes, pyrites, pyrrhotites, arsenic, strontium and lithium minerals and minerals pigments. Guano gathering is included in this group.
Salt mining Quarrying rock salt and evaporating salts in salt pans, including crushing, screening and refining. The refining of salt for edible purposes in establishments not engaged in extraction or quarrying of salt is classifed in group 3121 (Manufacture of food products n.e.c., FOD)
Mining and quarrying not elsewhere classifed The mining and quarrying of such materials as gypsum; absestos; mica; quartz; natural abrasives other than sand, graphite, talc and soapstone; natural gem stones; asphalt and bitumen; peat; and all other non-metallic minerals not elsewhere classified. The milling, grinding, pulverizing and otherwise treating these minerals when not performed in conjunction with the extraction or quarrying, is classifed in group 3699 (Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products n.e.c., MNM).
MAN
Manufacturing is defined as the mechanical or chemical transformation of inorganic or organic substances into new products whether the work is performed by power-driven machines or by hand, whether it is done in a factory or in the worker's home, and whether the products are sold at wholesale or retail.
The assembly of the component parts of manufactured products is considered manufacturing except in cases where the activities is appropriately classifed in group 500 (construction, CST). The assembly on the site of prefabricated, integral parts into bridges, water tanks, starage and warehouse facilities, railroad and elevated rights-of-way, lift and escalator, plumbing, sprinkler, central heating, ventilating and air conditioning, lighting and electrical wiring, etc. systems of buildings, and all kinds of structures is classifed as construction. The assembly and installation of machinery and equipment in mining, manufacturing, commercial and other establishments, when camed on as a specialized activity, is classified in the same group of manufacturing as the manufacture of the item installed. Establishments specializing in the installation of major household appliances, such as stoves and ranges, refrigerators, washing machines, dryers, are classifed in the appropriate group of major group 951 (repair services, SOC). The assembly and installation of machinery and equipment which is performed as a service incidental to the sale of the goods by an establishment primarily engaged in manufacturing, wholesale trade or retail trade, is classifed with its principal activity.
Establishments specializing in the repair of industrial, commercial, office and similar machinery and equipment are, in general, classifed in the same group of Manufacturing as establishments. Primarily engaged in manufacturing the goods. Units the principal activity of which is the repair of household appliances, equipment and furnishings, motor cars and other consumer goods are, as general rule, classifed in the appropriate group of major group 951 (Repair services, SOC) in accordance with the kind of goods which are repaired. Repair services which are usually furnished by establishments primarily engaged in custom manufacturing, are covered in the group of this major division in which the custom manufacturing is classifed. The substantial alteration, renovation or reconstruction of any type of goods is considered to be manufacturing and not repair.
The manufacture of specialized components and parts of, and accessories and attachments to, machinery and equipment is, as a general rule classifed in the same group as the manufacture of the machinery and equipment for which the parts and accessories are intended. However, the making of specialized components and parts of machinery and equipment, e.g., engines, pistons, electrical motors, electrical assemblies, valves, gears, roller bearings, is classifed in the appropriate group of Manufacturing, without regard to the machinery and equipment in which these items may be included.
FOD
311-312. Food manufacturing
Slaughtering, preparing and preserving meat Abattoirs and meat packing plants; killing, dressing and packing cattle, hogs, sheep, lambs, horses, poultry, rabbits and small game for meat. Included are processing and packing activities such as curing, smoking, salting, pickling, packing in air-tight containers and quick-freezing. The manufacture of sausage casing, meat soups, meat puddings and pies, and the rendering and refuting of lard and other edible animal fats are also included.
Manufacture of dairy products Manufacture of creamery and processed butter; natural and processed cheese; condensed, powdered and evaporated milk; fresh and preserved cream; ice cream, ices and other frozen milk desserts; and other edible milk desserts; and other edible milk products. The processing (pasteurizing, homogenizing, vitaminizing, bottling) of fluid milk for wholesale or retail distribution is also included.
Canning and preserving of fruits and vegetables. Canning (packing in air-tight containers) of fruits and vegetables; canning and bottling of fruits and vegetable juices; manufacture of raisins and other dried fruits; preserves, jams and jellies; pickles and sauces; canned soups; and dehydrated and quick-frozen fruits and vegetables.
Canning, preserving and processing of fish, crustacea and similar foods Satting, drying, dehydrating, smoking, curing, pickling, canning, or quick-freezing fish, shrimps, oysters, clams, crabs, and other sea foods. Also included are the production of fish and sea food soups and specialities; and factory-type vessels engaged in processing fish and sea food only, which can be considered as separate establishments. Icing, salting, filleting of fish catch aboard fishing vessels and factory-type fishing vessels except the aforementioned ships, are classifed in group 1301 (Ocean and coastal fishing, AGR) or 1302 (Fishing not elsewhere classified, AGR), whichever is appropriate.
3115 . Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats The production of crude vegetable and nut oil (including olive oil), cake and meal; the extraction of fish and other marine animal oils and the production of fish meal; the rendering of inedible animal oils and fats; and the refining and hydrogenation (or hardening) of oils and fats, except lard and other edible fats from livestock; and the production of margarine, compound cooking fats and blended table and salad oils. The manufacture of lard and other edible fats is classifed in group 3111 (Slaughtering, preparation and preserving of meat, FOD)
Grain mill products Grain mills producing products such as flour, meal and stock dry feeds, husking, cleaning and polishing of rice; preparation of breakfast foods such as rolled oats, rice, wheat and corn flakes; parched grarn; blended and prepared flour and other cereal and pulse preparations. Coffee, pulse and root peeling mills are included in this group. Prepared feeds from animals and fowls are classifed in group 3122 (Manufacture of prepared animal feeds, FOD).
Manufacture of bakery products The manufacture of bread, cakes, cookies, doughnuts, pies, pastries and similar « perishable » bakery products; biscuits and similar « dry » bakery products; macaroni, spaghetti, vermicelli, noodles and similar products.
Sugar factories and refineries The manufacture and refining of raw sugar, Syrup and granulated or clarifed sugar, from sugar cane or sugar beets.
Manufacture of cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery Manufacture of cocoa and chocolate powder from beans; chocolates; all types of sugar confectionery, such as boiled sweets, toffee, marshmallows, fudge, pastilles and fondants; crystallized fruits; sugar-covered nuts, salted nuts, stuffed dates and similar products; chewing gum.
Manufacture of food products not elsewhere classifed The manufacture of food products not elsewhere classifed such as starch and its products; baking powder flavouring extracts; yeast; condiments, mustard and vinegar; drying, freezing and breaking of eggs; spice grinding; coffee roasting; processing of tea leaves into black tea; edible salt refining; and the harvesting and storage of nanual ice and the manufacture of ice, except dry ice. Dry ice manufactuing is classifed in group 3511 (Manufacture of basic industrial chemicals, CHE)
Manufacture of prepared animal feeds Production of prepared feeds for animals and fowl, including dog and other pet foods, and mixed, canned, frozen and dried speciality foods.
Beverage industries
Distilling, rectifying and blending spirits The distilling of ethyl alcohol, except from sulphite residues of pulp manufacturing, for all purposes. The distilling, rectifying and blending of alcoholic liquors such as whiskey, brandy, rum, gin, liqueurs and prepared mixed drinks (cocktails). The manufacture of alcohol except of the ethyl alcohol included here, is classifed in group 3511 (Manufacture of Basic Industrial chemicals, CHE). Bottling, not involving the blending, processing or manufacture, of alcoholic liquors is classifed in group 6100 (Wholesale trade,RWH).
Wine industries The manufacture of wines, cider, peny and other fermented beverages except malt liquors. Bottling, not involving the blending, processing or manufacture of wines and similar fermented beverages is classifed in group 6100 (Wholesale trade, RWH)
3133 Malt liquors and malt The manufacture of malt and malt liquors such as beer, ale, porter and stout. Bottling, not involving the manufacture, of malt liquors is classifed in group 6100 (Wholesale trade, RWH)
Soft drinks and carbonated waters industries The manufacture of non-alcoholic beverages such as soft drinks, including fruit-flavored and carbonated fruit drinks, and carbonated mineral waters; the bottling of natural spring and mineral waters at the source.
Tobacco manufactures
The manufacture of tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars, smoking, chewing and homogenized tobacco and snuff. Stemming, redrying, and other operations after suctioning which are connected with preparing raw-leaf tobacco for manufacture, are also included.
NACE-CLIO (R44)
TEX
Textile, wearing apparel and leather industries
Manufacture of textiles
3211 . Spinning, weaving and finishing textiles Preparing fibres for spinning, such as ginning, retting, scutching, scouring, carding, combing, carbonizing and throwing; spinning; weaving; bleaching and dyeing; printing and finishing of yams and fabrics. Manufacture of nanow fabrics and other small wares; braids and other primary textiles. Yarn, fabric and jute mills. Absestos spinning and weaving is classifed in group 3699 (Manufacture of non- metallic mineral products not elsewhere classified).
Manufacture of made-up textile goods except wearing apparel Establishments not engaged in weaving which are primarily engaged in minning up from purchased materials, house furnishings such as curtains, draperies, sheets, pillow cases, napkins, table clothes, blankets, bedspreads, pillows, laundry bags and slip covers; textile bags; canvas products; trimmings of fabrics; embroideries; banners, flags and penants. Also included are stitching, pleating and tucking for the trade.
Knitting mills Establishments, such as hosiery and knitting-mills, primarily engaged in producing hosiery, outerwear, underwear, nightwear, other knitted apparel; and knitted fabrics and laces from natural and synthetic fibres. Included are the bleaching, dyeing and finishing of knitted products. The manufacture of knitted apparel from purchased knitted fabrics is classifed in group (Manufacture of wearing apparel, except footwear).
Manufacture of carpets and rugs The manufacture of woven, tufted or braided carpets and rugs of any teztile fibre or yarn and mats or matting of twisted paper, grass, coir, sisal, jute or rags. The manufacture of linoleum and other hard surfaced floor coverings, other than of rubber, cork or plastic, is classifed in group 3219 (Manufacture of textiles, n.e.c., TEX). The manufacture of cork; rubber or plastic mats and mattings is classifed in groups 3319 (WOD), 3559 (CHE), or 3560 (CHE), respectively.
Cordage, rope and twine industries The manufacture of rope, cable, cordage, twine, net and related products from abaca (Manila), sisal, henequen, hemp, cotton, paper, jute, flax, man-made fibres, including glass, and other fibres. The twisting of these fibres is also included.
Manufacture of textiles not elsewhere classified The manufacture of linoleum and other hard-surfaced floor coverings other than of cork, rubber, plastic, irrespective of type of backing; oilcloth, artifcial leather which is not wholly of plastic, and other impregnated and coated fabrics except rubberized; felt by processes other than weaving; laces except knitted; batting; padding, wadding, and upholstery filling from all fibres; processed waste and recovered fibres and flock; tire cord and fabric. The weaving of felts is classifed in group 3211 (Spinning, weaving and finishing textiles, TEX). The manufacture of wood-excelsior uphostery filling is classifed in group 3311 (Sawmills, planing and other wood mills); and the manufacture of asbestos pads and padding is classifed in group 3699 (Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products n.e.c., WOD).
Manufacture of wearing apparel, except footwear
The manufacture of wearing apparel by cutting and sewing fabrics, leather, fur and other materials; and the making of hat bodies, hats and millinery; hats; fur apparel, accessories and trimmings; gloves and mittens; suspenders, garters, and related products; robes and dressing gowns; raincoats and other water proofed outer garments; leather clothing; sheepskinlined clothing; apparel belts regardless of material; handkerchiefs; academic caps and gowns; vestments, theatrical costumes. The repair of wearing apparel is classifed in group 9520 (Laundries and laundry services, and cleaning and dyeing plants).
Manufacture of leather and products of leather, leather substitutes and fur, except footwear and wearing apparel
Tanneries and leather finishing The tanning, currying, finishing, embossing and japanning of leather.
Fur dressing and dyeing industries The scraping , cunying , tanning , bleaching and dyeing of fur and other pelts for the trade and the manufacture of fur and skin articles not elsewhere classifed.
Manufacture of products of leather and leather substitutes, except footwear and wearing apparel The manufacture of products of leather and leather substitutes, except footwear and other wearing apparel, such as luggage, handbags, pocketbooks, cigarette and key cases and coin purses; saddlery and harness whips; and similar articles made of leather, plastics, fibreglass and other leather substitutes. The manufacture of wooden saddlery is classifed in group 3319 (Wood and cork products n.e.c.).
Manufacture of footwear, except vulcanized or moulded rubber or plastic footwear
The manufacture of all kinds of leggings, gaiters and footwear from leather, fabrics and other materials except footwear made wholly of wood or almost entirely of vulcanized or moulded rubber or plastic. The manufacture of leather, fabric or wood boot and shoe cut stock and findings is included. The manufacture of wooden shoes is classifed in group 3319 (Manufacture of wood and cork products n.e.c., WOD).
NACE-CLIO (R44)
WOD
Manufacture of wood and wood products, including furniture
Manufacture of wood and wood and cork products, except furniture
Sawmills, planing and other wood mills The manufacture of lumber; sash, doors, window and floor frames, other wooden building materials and prefabricated wooden parts and structures; veneer, plywood, hard board and particle board; cooperage and other wood stock; and excelsior. Included is the preservation of wood. Sawmills and planning mills, whether or not mobile or operated in the forest, are included. The hewing and rough shaping of poles, bolts, and other wood materials is classified in group 1220 (Logging, AGR).
Manufacture of wooden and cane containers and small cane ware The manufacture of boxes, crates, drums, barrels and other wooden containers; baskets and other rattan, reed or willow containers; and small ware made entirely or mainly of rattan, reed, willow or other cane.
Manufacture of wood and cork products not elsewhere classifed The manufacture of products of cork; small ware consisting wholly or mainly of wood; footwear wholly of wood; wooden ladders, lasts, blocks, handles, pins, racks, rods, and saddlery and carvings; picture and mirror frames; and coffins.
Manufacture of furniture and fixtures, except primarily metal
The manufacture of household, office, public building, professional and restaurant furniture and fixtures which are mainly made of wood or other materials other than metal. Included also in this group is the manufacture of upholstered furniture regardless of the material used in the frame; dual purse sleep furniture such as studio couches, sofa beds and chair beds; mattresses and bedsprings; and window and door screens and shades. The production of furniture and fixtures which are made primarily of metal, is classifed in group 3812 (Manufacture of furniture and fixtures primarily of metal, BMA); the moulding of plastic furniture is included in group 3560 (Manufacture of plastic products n.e.c., CHE).
PAP
Manufacture of paper and paper products
Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard The manufacture of pulp from wood, rags and other fibres; and paper, paperboard, fibre building paper and fibreboard. The manufacture of off machine coated, glazed, gummed, and laminated paper and paperboard is classified in group 3419 (Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard articles n.e.c, PAP.); the production of asphalted and tar-saturated paper is classifed in group 3540 (Manufacture of miscellaneous products of petroleum and coal); the manufacture of sensitized photographic paper is classified in group 3529 (Manufacture of chemical products n.e.c., CHE); the production of abrasive paper is included in group 3669 (Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products n.e.c.); and the manufacture of carbon and stencil papers is covered in group 3909 (Manufacturing industries n.e.c., MOT).
Manufacture of containers and boxes of paper and paperboard The manufacture of shipping boxes or cases made of corrugated or solid fibreboard, folding or set-up paper or paperboard boxes, vulcanized fibre boxes, sanitary food containers, bags of materials other than textile or plastics, etc., whether printed or not.
Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard articles not elsewhere classified The manufacture of articles of pulp, paper and paperboard not elsewhere classified, such as off-machine coated, lazed, gummed and laminated paper and paperboard; pulp plates and utensils; bottle caps; unprinted cards, envelopes and stationery is classifed in group 3420 (Printing, publishing and allied industries, PAP).
Printing, publishing and allied industries
Printing, lithographing and publishing newspapers, periodicals, books, maps, adases, sheet music and directories; commercial or job printing; commercial lithographing; manufacture of printed cards, envelopes and stationery; manufacture of loose-leaf devices and library binders; bookbinding; blank book making; paper ruling; and other work related to bookbinding such as book or paper bronzing, gilding and edging; map and sample mounting; services for the printing trades such as typesetting, engraving and etching steel and copper plates; making woodcut; photoengraving; electrotyping and stereotyping. Type foundries are classified in group 3819 (Manufacture of fabricated metal products except machinery and equipment n.e.c.). Engraving on precious metals is classifed in group 3901 (Manufacture ofjewellery and related articles).
NACE-CLIO (R44)
CHE
Manufacture of chemicals and of chemical, petroleum, coal, rubber and plastic rubber
Manufacture of industrial chemicals
Manufacture of basic industrial chemicals except fertilizers The manufacture of basic industrial organic and inorganic chemicals such as cyclic intermediates and crudes, dyes, organic pigments, non-cyclic organic chemicals, solvents, polyhydric alcohols, rubber processing chemicals, synthetic and natural tanning materials, gum and wood chemicals, esters of polyhydric alcohols, urea and fatty and other acids; inorganic acids, alkalies, inorganic pigments, hydrogen perozide, carbon bisulphide, phosphorus, magnesium carbonate, bromine, iodine, industrial gas in compressed liquefied and solid form; sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and dry ice (solid carbon dioxide). The manufacture of chemical materials for atomic fission and fusion and the products of these processes are included. The manufacture of straight, mixed, compound and complex fertilizers and insecticides and germicides of synthetic resins, plastic materials and synthetic fibres, and of medicinal chemicals, are classifed in group 3512, 3513 and 3522 (CHE), respectively. Sulphuric, phosphoric and nitric acid plants which are operated in conjunction with fertilizer plants and can be separately reported are to be classifed in this group.
Manufacture of fertilizers and pesticides The manufacture of straight, mixed, compound and complex nitrogenous, phosphate and potash fertilizers; the formulation and preparation of ready-to-use pesticides, insecticides fungicides and herbicides and of concentrates for this purpose. Included are sulphuric, phosphoric and nitric acid plants operated in conjunction with fertilizer plarits which can not be separately reported; establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing area are classifed in group 3511. The manufacturing of basic or technical chemicals used in preparing pesticides, such as lead and calcium arsenates, copper sulfate, DDT, BHC, is classifed in group 3511.
Manufacture of synthetic resins, plastic materials and man-made fibres except glass. The manufacture of synthetic resins, plastics materials and non- vulcanizable elastomers, in the form of moulding and extrusion compound, solid and liquid resins, sheets, rods, tubes, granules and powders; cellulosic and other man-made fibres, except glass, in the form of monoflament, multi-filament, staple or tow suitable for further processing on textile machines; and vulcanizable elastomers (synthetic rubber). Not included are the further processing of purchased resin or plastic materials to produce plastics products, film and sheets, which is classified in group 3560 (Manufacture of plastic products n.e.c., CHE); and the throwing, twisting, spinning and weaving of purchased man-made fibres, which is classifed in group 3211 (Spinning, weaving and finishing textiles, TEX).
Manufacture of other chemical products
Manufacture of paints, varnishes and lacquers The manufacture of paints, varnishes, stains and shellac; lacquers; enamels and japans. Also included is the manufacture of allied products such as composite thinners, paint removers, paint brush cleaners, putty and other calking and filling materials. The production of white spirits is classifed in group 3530 (Petroleum refineries, CHE).
Manufacture of drugs and medicines The manufacture, fabrication and processing of drugs and medicines, including biological products, such as bacterial and virus vaccines, serums and plasmas; medicinal chemicals and botanical products, such as antibiotics, quinine, strychnine, sulfa drugs, opium and derivatives, adrenal, caffeine, codeine derivatives vitamins; and pharmaceutical preparations for human or veterinary use.
Manufacture of soap and cleaning preparations, perfumes, cosmetics and other toilet preparations The manufacture of soap in any form, synthetic detergents, shampoos and shaving products; cleansers, washing and scouring powders and similar cleaning preparations; crude and refined glycerine from vegetable and animal oils and fats; natural and synthetic perfumes, cosmetics, lotions, hair dressings, toothpaste and other toilet preparations. The manufacture of synthetic glycerine and synthetic perfume is classifed in group 3511 (Manufacture of basic industrial chemicals except fertilizer); and the production of essential oils is classifed in group 3529 (Manufacture of chemical products n.e.c.).
Manufacture of chemical products not elsewhere classified The manufacture of miscellaneous chemical products, not elsewhere classifed, such as furniture, metal and other polishes; wazes and dressings; disinfectants and deodorants; wetting agents, emulsifers and penetrants; explosives and ammunition; adhesives, glues, sizes and cements, except dental, from vegetable, animal or purchased synthetic plastic materials; candles; inks and carbon black; incense and camphor products; essential oils; bluing and laundry sours; boiler and heat insulating compounds; water-proofing compounds; metal, oil and water treating compounds; and prepared photo-chemical materials and sensitized film, paper and cloth.
Petroleum refineries
Petroleum refineries producing gasoline (motor spirit), fuel oils, illuminating oils, lubricating oils and greases, and other products from crude petroleum and its fractionation products.
The manufacture of asphalt paving and roofing materials; fuel briquettes and packaged fuel from purchased coal or lignite; and compounded and blended lubricating oils and greases from purchased materials. Included is the distillation of coal in coke ovens which are not part of gas or iron and steel works, can be reported separately. Coke ovens which are in gas works are classified in group 4102 (Gas manufactures and distribution, EGW); coke ovens located in iron and steel works which can not be reported separately are classified in group 3710 (lron and steel basic industries, BMI). The manufacture of fuel briquettes and packaged fuels by coal and lignite mining units is included in group 2100 (Coal mining, MID).
Manufacture of rubber products
Tyre and tube industries The manufacture of tyres and tubes from natural or synthetic rubber for automobiles, trucks, aircraft, tractors and other equipment. Establishments primarily engaged in repairing, rebuilding and retreading tyres are included.
Manufacture of rubber products not elsewhere classified The manufacture from natural or synthetic rubber, gutta percha,balata or gutta siak, of all kinds of rubber products except tyres and tubes, such as footwear made primarily of vulcanized or moulded rubber, industrial and mechanical rubber goods, and rubber specialities and sundries, e.g., gloves, mats, sponges and other vulcanized articles. Establishments primarily engaged in reclaiming rubber from scrap rubber tyres, tubes and miscellaneous waste rubber articles are included. Also included are the chipping, mixing, rolling, cutting and related processing of natural rubber except on rubber plantations (classifed in group 1110, Agricultural production, AGR) and in forests (classifed in group 1210, Forestry, AGR).
Manufacture of plastic products not elsewhere classified
The moulding, extruding and fabricating of plastic articles not elsewhere classified, such as plastic dinnerware, tableware and kitchenware; plastic mats; synthetic sausage casings; plastic containers and cups; laminated sheets, rods and tubes from purchased plastic raw materials; plastic components for insulation; plastic footwear; plastic furniture; and plastic industrial supplies, e.g., machinery pots, bottles, tubes and cabinets. The manufacture of plastic house furnishing such as curtains or table covers, is classifed in group 3212 (Manufacture of made-up textile goods except wearing apparel, TEX); the assembly of plastic toys and dolls, athletic and sporting goods is included in group 3909. (Maufacturing industries n.e.c., MOT) and the manufacture of plastic luggage, hand bags, pocket books and similar goods is classifed in group 3233 (Manufacture of products of leather and leather substitutes).
NACE-CLIO (R44)
MNM
Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, except products of petroleum and coal
Manufacture of pottery, china and earthenware
The manufacture of vitreous and semivitreous china table and kitchen articles for preparing, serving or storing food and drink; vitreous china plumbing futures and china and eathenware plumbing fittings and bathroom accessories; porcelain electrical supplies; art, ornamental, industrial and laboratory pottery, stoneware and coarse earthenware; and unglazed red earthenware florists' articles.
The manufacture of glass, glass fibres and other glass products, except the grinding of optical lenses which is classifed in group 3852 (Manufacture of photographic and optical goods, MIO).
3691 . Manufacture of structural clay products The manufacture of structural clay products such as bricks, tile, pipe, crucibles, architectural terracotta; stove lining, chimney pipes and tops; and refractories.
Manufacture of cement, lime and plaster The manufacture of all types of cement, such as Portland, natural, masonry, puzzolana, Roman and Keene's quick, hydrated and dolomitic lime; and plaster.
Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products not elsewhere classifed The manufacture of miscellaneous non-metallic mineral products such as concrete, gypsum and plaster products, including ready-mixed concrete; mineral wool; slate products; cut-stone products not produced in conjunction with quarrying and extraction; abrasives; absestos products; graphite products; and all other non-metallic mineral products not elsewhere classified.
NACE-CLIO (R44)
BMI
Basic metal industries
Iron and steel basic industries
The manufacture of primary iron and steel products, consisting of all processes from smelting in blast furnances to the semi-finished stage in rolling mills and foundries, that is the production of billets, blooms, slabs or bars hot and cold rolling and drawing into basic forms such as sheets, tin-plate, terne-plate and black- plate, strips, tubes and pipes, rails, rods; and wire rods and heavy gauge wires castings and forgings. Establishments primarily engaged in manufactuing ferrous wire and wire products from purchased rods are classified in group 3819 (Manufacture of fabricated metal products except machinery and equipment n.e.c., BMA). The foundries included here are part of establishments primarily engaged in producing and rolling of iron and steel or are primarily engaged in manufacturing castings and forgings for sale to others. Foundries in establishments primarily engaged in manufacture, e.g. stamping, pressing, machining assembling of a given class of goods are included in group to which the parent establishment is classifed. Also included are coke ovens which are associated with blast furnaces and which can not be separately reported. Coke ovens which can be separately reported are classifed in group 3540 (manufacture of miscellaneous products of petroleum and coal).
The manufacture of primary non-ferrous metal products, consisting of all processes from smelting, alloying and refining, rolling and drawing and founding and casting; that is the production of irigots, bars and billets; sheets, strips, circles, sections, rods, tubes, pipes and wire rods; castings and extrusions. Included is the production of alumina from bauxite. Establishments the main activity of which is producing uninsulated non-ferrous wire and cable from purchased wire rods are classifed in group 3819 (Manufacture of fabricated metal products except machinery and equipment n.e.c., BMA); and establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing insulated wire and cable from purchased wire rods are classifed in group 3839 (Manufacture of electrical apparatus and supplies n.e.c.). Founding and casting carried on as part of the fabrication, e.g., stamping, pressing, machining, assembling of a given class of goods, are included in the group to which the manufacture of the class of products is classifed.
NACE-CLIO (R44)
MEQ
Manufacture of fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment
Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment (BMA)
Manufacture of machinery except electrical (MAI)
Manufacture of electrical machinery,-apparatus, appliances and supplies (MEL)
Manufacture of transport equipment (MTR)
Manufacture of professional and scientific, and measuring and controlling equipment not elsewhere classified, and of photographic and optical goods (MIO) 46 BMA
Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
Manufacture of cutlery, hand tools and general hardware The manufacture of table, kitchen and other cutlery; hand and edge wols such as axes; and hatchets, chisels and files, jammers, shovels, rakes, hoes and other hand agricultural and garden tools, handsaws and plumbers', masons', mechanics' and machinists precision hand tools; hardware such as fireplace equipment, brackets, lock and key sets, and other builders' and furniture hardware, coasters, clamps, and marine and luggage vehicle hardware. Included are blacksmith shops, excluded are the production of silverware and plated ware, classified in group 3901 (Manufactuue ofjewellery and related articles, MOT) and the manufacture of cutting dies and power-driven hand tools, which are classifed in the appropriate group of major group 382 (Maufacture of machinery and equipment except electrical, MAI).
Manufacture of furniture and fixture primarily of metal The manufacture, alteration and repair of furniture and fixtures consisting primarily of metal, for household, office, public building, professional use, and restaurants. The production of upholstered or padded furniture having metal frame is classifed in group 3320 (Manufacture of furniture and fixtures, except primarily of metal, WOD) .
Manufacture of structural metal products Manufacture of structural components, steel or other metal, of bridges, tanks, smoke stacks and buildings; metal doors and screens, window frames and sashes, metal staircases and other architecture metal work; metal sections for ships and barges; boiler shop products; and sheet metal components of buildings, stovepipes and light tanks. The assembly and installation at the site of pre-fabricated components into bridges, tanks, boilers, central air conditioning and other sheet-metal systems by the manufacturer of these components which can not be separately reported, is to be included in this group, along with the main manufacturing activity.
Manufacture of fabricated metal products except machinery and equipment not elsewhere classifed The manufacture of fabricated metal products such as metal cans from tin-plate, terne-plate, or enamelled sheet metal; metal shipping containers, barrels, drums, kegs and pails; metal stampings; screw machine products; safes and vaults; fabricated wire and cable products from purchased wire rods, excluding insulated wire and cable; steel springs; bolts, nuts, washers, rivets and collapsible tubes except in primary rolling or drawing mills; furnaces, stoves and other space heaters, non-electrical; enamelled iron and metal sanitary ware and plumbers' brass goods; valve and pipe fitting; small metal ware; and all other fabricated metal products not elsewhere classifed. This group includes industries such as those engaged in enamelling, japanning and lacquering and galvanising, plating and polishing metal products. The manufacture of specialized parts of automobiles, aircraft and ships is classifed in the appropriate group of major group 384 (Manufacture of transport equipment MTR). The manufacture of machinery parts except those mentioned in this group are classifed as follows : general purpose parts for machinery (group 3829, MAI); specialized parts of machinery and equipment (appropriate group of major groups 382 through 385).
NACE-CLIO (R44)
MAI
Manufacture of machinery except electrical
Manufacture of engines and turbines The manufacture, re-building and repair of steam and gas engines and steam, gas and hydraulic turbines; and of petrol, diesel and other internal combustion engines. The manufacture of complete steam, gas and hydraulic turbine generator sets, and of complete engine-generator sets, is classified in group 3831 (Manufacture of electrical industrial machinery and apparatus, MEL). The manufacture of turbines or engines by establishments primarily engaged in producing specialized turbines or engines for a given type of transport equipment, are classifed in the appropriate group of major group 384. (Manufactuue of transport equipment).
Manufacture of agricultural machinery and equipment The manufacture and repair of agricultural machinery and equipment for use in the preparation and maintenance of the soil, in planting and harvesting of the crop, in preparing crops for market on the farm, or in dairy farming and live-stock raising; for use in performing other farm operations and processes, such as planting, seeding, fertilizing, cultivating, harvesting; ploughs, harrows, stalk cutters, milking machines, farm tractors, etc… Excluded is the manufacture of agricultural hand tools, such as rakes, hoes, clippers, hand lawn mowers, which is classified in group 3811 (Manufacture of cutlery, hand tools and general hardware, BMA).
Manufacture of metal and wood working machinery The manufacture, alteration and repair of wood-working and metal- working machinery, such as machinery for sawmills, planing mills, furniture makers and veneer workers; lathes, boring, drilling, milling, grinding, shearing and shaping machines; power saws and sanders; drop forges and other forging machines; extruding, melting and non-electrical welding machines; and machine tools, dies and jigs. The manufacture of attachments and accessories for wood-working and metal-working machines is included. Excluded is the manufacture of electric welding equipment (classified in group 3831, MEL), and hand tools for wood and metal working that are not power driven (classifed in group 3811, BMA).
Manufacture of special industrial machinery and equipment except metal and wood working machinery The manufacture, alteration and repair of special industrial machinery and equipment except metal-working and wood-working machinery, such as food machinery, textile machinery, paper industry machinery, printing- trade machinery and equipment, oil refining machinery and equipment, cement-making and clay-working machinery, heavy machinery and equipment used by construction and mining industries. The manufacture of material handling machinery, such as lifting and hoisting machines, cranes, conveyors, industrial trucks is classified in group 3829 (Machinery and equipment, except electrical, n.e.c., MAI).
Manufacture of office, computing and accounting machinery The manufacture, renovation and repair of office machines and equipment, such as calculating machines, adding machines, accounting machines; punched-card system machines and equipment; digital and analogue computers and associated electronic data processing equipment and accessories; cash registers; typewriters; weighing machines except when scientifc apparatus for laboratories; duplicating machines except photo-copying machines; and other office machines.
Machinery and equipment except electrical not elsewhere classifed The manufacture, renovation and repair of machinery and equipment, except electrical machinery, not elsewhere classifed, such as pumps, air and gas compressors; blowers, air conditioning and ventilating machinery; fire sprinkler; refrigerators and equipment; mechanical power transmission equipment; lifting and hoisting machinery, cranes, elevators, moving stairways, industrial trucks, tractors, trailors, and stackers; sewing machines; small arms and accessories, heavy ordinance and artillery; industrial process furnaces and ovens.
NACE-CLIO (R44)
MIO
Manufacture of professional and scientifc, and measuring and controlling equipment, not elsewhere classified, and of photographic and optical goods
Manufacture of professional and scientifc, and measuring and controlling equipment, not elsewhere classifed The manufacture, renovation and repair of laboratory and scientifc instruments and of measuring and controlling equipment not elsewhere classifed; the fabrication and assembly of cyclotrons, betatron and other accelerators; and the producdon of surgical, medical and dental equipment, instruments and supplies and of orthopedic and prosthetic appliances. The manufactuer of optical instruments for scientific and medical use is classifed in group 3852; the fabricadon and assembly of radar equipment, X-ray and electric therapeutic apparatus is classifed in the appropriate group of major group 3825 (MAI); the manufacture of measuring and dispensing pumps is classifed in group 3829 (MAI); and the fabrication of electrical industrial control devices is included in group 3831 (MEL).
Manufacture of photographic and optical goods The manufacture of optical instruments and lenses, ophthalmic goods, photographic and photocopying equipment and supplies. Included is the manufacture of optical instruments for scientific and medical use. The production of photo-chemical materials and sensitized film, plates and paper is classified in group 3529 (Manufacture of chemical products n.e.c., CHE).
Manufacture of watches and clocks The manufacture of clocks and watches of all kinds; clock and watch parts and cases; and mechanisms for timing devices.
NACE-CLIO (R44)
MTR
Manufacture of transport equipment
Ship building and repairing Shipyards and boatyards engaged in building, repair and specialized painting and calking of all types of ships, barges, lighters, and boats, exept rubber boats; specialized marine engine and ship parts manufactures; the barges, lighters, and boats, exept rubber boats; specialized marine engine and ship parts manufactures; the conversion and alteration and breaking-up of ships. The fabrication of floating oil rigs is classified in group 3824 (Manufacture of special industrial machinery and equipment exept metal and wood working machinery).
Manufacture of railroad equipment The building and re-building of locomotives of any type or gauge, and railroad and tramway cars for freight and passengers service; the production of specialized parts for locomotive, railroad and tramway companies primarily engaged in the re-building, repair and alteration of locomotives and cars. The manufacture of electrical signalling equipment for railways and tramways is classified in group 3832 (Manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus).
Manufacture of motor vehicles The manufacture, assembly, re-building and major alteration of complete motor vehicles such as passenger automobiles, commercial cars and buses, lorries and truck trailers, universal carries, special purpose motor vehicles (ambulances, taxi-cabs, etc.); trailer and pick-up coaches; vehicle-drawn caravans; motorized sleighs; specialized manufacture of motor vehicle parts and accessories such as engines, brakes, clutches, axles, gears, transmissions, wheels and frames. This group does not include the manufacture of tyres and tubes (group 3551, CHE); automobile glass (group 3620); electrical equipment (appropriate group of major group 383) or agricultural, road building and industrial tractors, and fork-lift and industrial trucks (appropriate group of major group 382, MAI).
Manufacture of motorcycles and bicycles The manufacture, assembly, re-building and major alteration of motorcycles, scooters, bicycles, tricycles, pedicabs, and specialized parts such as motors, saddles, seat posts, frames, gears and handle bars.
Manufacture of aircraft The manufacture, assembly, re-building, alteration and repair of aeroplanes; gliders, aircraft parts such as engines, propellers, pontoons and under carriages; space vehicles and specialized parts. The manufacture of aeronautical electrical equipment is classified in the appropriate group of major group 383 (Manufacture of electrical maschinery, apparatus, applicance and supplies); the production of aeronautical measuring instruments is classified in group 3851 (Manufacture of professional and scientific equipment and measuring and controlling instruments); the fabrication and assembly of missiles and rockets is classified in group 3829 (Manufacture of machinery and equipment eyept electrical not elsewhere classified, MAI).
3849 Manufacture of transport equipment not elsewhere classified The manufacture of transport equipment, not elsewhere classified, such as animal-drawn wagons, carts and sleighs; hand-drawn pushcarts, wheelbarrows and baby carriages.
MEL
Manufacture of electrical machinery, apparatus, appliances and supplies
Manufacture of electrical industrial machinery and apparatus The manufacture, renovation and repair of electric motors; generators and complete turbine-generator and engine-generator sets; transformers; switch gear and switchboard apparatus; rectifers; other electrical transmission and distribution equipment; electrical industrial control devices such as motor starters and controllers, electronic timing and positioning devices, electromagnetic clutches and brakes; electrrical welding apparatus; and other electrical industrial apparatus.
Manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment and apparats The manufacture of radio and television receiving sets, sound reproducing and recording equipment including public address systems, gramophones, dictating machines and tape recorders; gramophone records and pre- recorded magnetic tapes; wire and wireless telephone and telegraph equipment; radio and television transmitting, signalling, and detection equipment and apparatus; radar equipment and installations; part and supplies specially used for electronic apparatus classifed in this group; semi-conductor and related sensitive semi-conductor and related sensitive semi-conductor devices; fued and variable electronic capacitors and condensers; radiographic, fluoroscopic and other X-ray apparatus and tubes.
Manufacture of electrical appliances and housewares The manufacture of electrical appliances and housewares, such as electric space heaters; blankets; and heating pads; hot plates, broilers, roasters, toasters and food mixers; ironers and mangles; fans, vacuum cleaners and floor waxers and polishers; hair dryers, toothbrushes, electric hair clippers, shavers and hot water heaters. Excluded is the manufacture of electric lighting equipment, which is classifed in group 3839 (MEL).
Manufacture of electrical apparatus and supplies not elsewhere classified The manufacture of other electrical apparatus, accessories and supplies not elsewhere classifed, such as insulated wires and cables; storage and primary batteries, wet and dry; electric lamps and tubes; fixtures and lamp sockets and receptacles; snap switches, conductor connectors, and other current-carrying wiring devices; conduits and fittings, electrical insulators and insulation materials except porcelain and glass insulators, which are classifed in group 3610 (Manufacture of pottery china and earthenware, MNM) and 3620 (Manufacture of glass and glass products, MNM), respectively.
NACE-CLIO (R44)
NACE-CLIO (R44)
MOT
Other manufacturing industries
Manufacture of Jewellery and related articles The manufacture of jewellery, using precious metals, precious and semi-precious stones and pearls; and of silverware and silver, gold and other precious metal plated ware. The cutting and polishing of precious andm semi-precious stones and the striking of medals and coins are included.
Manufacture of musical instruments The manufacture of musical instruments, such as pianos, string instruments, wind instruments and percussion instruments. The manufacture of gramophones and speech-recording machines are classified in group 3832 (Manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus, MEL).
Manufacture of sporting and athletics goods Manufacture of sporting and athletic goods such as football, basketball, boxing, cricket and baseball equipment; billiard and pool tables; bowling alley equipment; golf and tennis goods; and fishing tackle. The manufactures of fire-arms and ammunition are classifed in groups 3829'(Manufacture of machinery and equipment except electrical not elsewhere classifed) and 3529 (Manufacture of chemical products not elsewhere classifed), respectively. The production of sporting and athletic goods made primarily of rubber is classifed in group 3559 (Manufacture of rubber products n.e.c.); or by moulding or extruding plastic materials is classifed in group 3560 (Manufacture of plastic products n.e.c.).
Manufacturing industries not elsewhere classified The manufacture of products not elsewhere classifed, such as toys, except those made primarily of rubber and by moulding or extruding plastic materials; pens, pencils, and other office and artists materials; costume jewellery and costume novelties; umbrellas and canes; feathers, plumes and artificial flowers; buttons; brooms and brushes, lamp shades; tobacco pipes and cigareaes holders; identifcation plates, badges, emblems and tags; signs and advertising displays; metal and rubber stamps and stencils; hair nets, wigs and similar articles.
NACE-CLIO (R44)
EGW
Electricity, gas and water
Electricity, gas and steam
Electric light and power The generation, transmission and distribution of electric energy for sale to household, industrial and commercial users. Included are electric power plants which sell a significant amount of electricity to others, as well as produce electricity for their parent enterprise, and which can be reported separately from the other units of the parent entreprise.
Gas manufacture and distribution The manufacture of gasworks and the distribution of manufactured or natural gas through a system of mains to household, industrial and commercial users. Cooking ovens located in gas works are included.
Steam and hot water supply Establishments primarily engaged in the production and distribution of steam and hot water for heating, power and other purposes.
Water Works and Supply
The collection, purification and distribution of water to household, industrial and commercial users. The operation of irrigation systems is classifed in group 1120 (Agriculture services, AGR).
NACE-CLIO (R44)
CST
General and special trade contractors primarily engaged in contract construction. Also included are units of enterprises primarly engaged in construction work for the parent enterprise which can be separately reported.
General contractors may be engaged in constructing, altering, repairing and demolitioning buildings; constructing, altering and repairing highways and streets and bridges; viaducts, culverts, sewers, and water, gas and electricity mains; railway road-beds, subways, harbours and water ways; piers, airports and parking areas; dams, drainage, irrigation, flood-control and water-power projects and hydroelecbric plants; pipe lines; water wells; athletic fields, golf courses, swimming pools and tennis couns; communication systems such as telephone and telegraph lines; marine construction, such as dredging and under-water rock removal; pile driving, land draining and reclamation; and other typs of heavy construction. Businesses primarily engaged in performing mining services such as preparing and constructing mining sites and drilling crude oil and natural gas wells, on a contract or fee basis, are classified in this group.
Special trade contractors are engaged in only part of the work of a construction project. Special trade contractors may work on subcontract from the general contractor or directly for the owner. They may engage in such activities as plumbing, heating and air- conditioning installation; brick-laying, stone setting, tile setting, marble and stone work; carpentry; floor-laying; plastering and latching; roofing; concrete work; painting and decorating; sheet metal and electrical work; water-well drilling; structural steel erection; excavating and foundation work; wrecking and demolition work; and repair and maintenance work done by maintenance staffs in the full- time employ of the units, the premises of which are being repaired, are excluded.
The assembly and installation on the site of prefabricated, integral parts into bridges, water tanks, storage and warehouse facilities, railroad and elevated right-of-way, lift and escalator, plumbing, sprinkler, central heating, ventilating and air conditioning, lighting and electrical wiring, etc. systems of buildings, and all kinds of structures, is a construction activity. departments or other units of the manufacturers of the prefabricated parts and equipment which specialize in this work and which it is feasible to treat as separate establishments, as well as independent businesses primarily engaged in the activity, are classifed in this group.
NACE-CLIO (R44)
RET
RWH
The re-sale (sale without transformation) of new and used goods to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional or professional users; or to other wholesalers; or acting as agents in buying merchandise for, or selling merchandise to, such persons or companies. The principal types of businesses included are merchant wholesalers, i.e. wholesalers who take tide to the goods they sell, such as wholesale merchants or jobbers, industrial distributors, exporters, importers, terminal elevators, and co-operative buying associations; sales branches and sales offices (but not retail stores) which are maintained by manufacturing or mining enterprises apart from their plants or mines for the purpose of marketing their products and which do not merely take orders to be filled by direct shipments from the plants or mines; merchandise and commodity brokers, commission merchants and agents; petroleum bulk stations; and assemblers, buyers, and co-operative associations engaged in the marketing of farm products. Wholesalers frequently physically assemble, sort and grade goods in large lots; break bulk, re-pack and bottle (except in airtight containers), and redistribute in smaller lots; store, refrigerate, deliver and install goods; and engage in sales promotion for customers. Also included are scrap metal, waste and junk dealers and yards. The leasing and rental of industrial machinery and equipment is classified in group 8330 (Machinery rental and leasing, RES). The bottling of natural mineral waters at springs and wells is classifed in group 3134 (Soft drinks and carbonated water industries).
The re-sale (sale without transformation) of new and used goods to the general public, for personal or household consumption or utilization, by shops, department stores, stalls, mail-order houses, gasoline (petrol) tilling stations, retail motor vehicle dealers, hawkers and peddlers, consumer co-operative, auction houses, etc. Most retailers take title to the goods they sell but some act as agents for a principal and sell either on consignment or on a commission basis. Establishments engaged in selling to the general public, from displayed merchandise, products such as typewriters, stationery, lumber or petrol, are classifed in this group though these sales may not be for personal or household consumption or use. However establishments which sell such merchandise to institutional or industrial users only, are classifed in group 6100 (Wholesale trade, RWH). Also classified in Retail trade are establishments primarily engaged in renting goods to the general public for personal or household use, except amusement and recreational goods such as boats and canoes, motorcycles and bicycles and saddle horses. The renting to the general public of the amusement and recreational goods is classified in group 9490 (Amusement and recreational services n.e.c.). Repair and installation services rendered by establishments mainly engaged in retail trade are included in this group. The sale of food and drinks for consumption on the premises is classifed in group 6310 (restaurants, cafés and other eating and drinking places, HOT).
NACE-CLIO (R44)
HOT
Restaurants and hotels
Restaurants, cafés and other eating and drinking places
Retail establishments selling prepared foods and drinks for immediate consumption, such as restaurants, cafés, lunch counters and refreshment stands. Catering is included in this group. Also included are dining-car services in railroad trains and other passengers transport facilities which are operated as an independent business; and canteens and eating facilities in plants and offices which can be separately reported. Restaurant facilities operated in connection with the provision of lodging are classifed in group 6320 (Hotels, rooming houses, camps and other lodging places).
The provision, on a fee basis, of lodging, camping space and camping facilities, whether open to the general public or restricted to members of a particular organization. Restaurants facilities operated in connection with the provision of lodging are included in this group.
NACE-CLIO (R44)
TRS
Transport, storage and communication
Transport and storage
Land transport
7111 . Urban and suburban railroad transport Companies furnishing transportation by inter-urban and suburban raihoads; and services allied to railway transportation, such as sleeping-car services, railway express, and switching and other terminal services. Also included are dining-car services in railroad trains not operated as independent businesses; and the building over- haul and repair of railway rolling stock and the construction and maintenance of railway right-of way and buildings by railway transport companies which it is not possible to report separately. Excluded from this group are units operated by railroad companies which are primarily engaged in providing telegraph services (classifed in group 7200, COM); in operating hotels (classifed in group 6320, HOT); and in providing water transport (classifed in the appropriate group of 712, TRS).
7113 . Other passenger land transport Passenger transportation services, not elsewhere classified, such as sight-seeing buses, limousines to airports or stations, school buses, taxicabs; and animal-drawn vehicles for the transport of passenger or freight. The rental of automobiles with drivers is also included. The provision of ambulance services is classifed in group 9331 (Medical, dental and other health services).
Freight transport by road Local or long-distance trucking, transfer, and draying services. The operation of terminal, facilities for handling freight, with or without maintenance facilities, and the rental of trucks, with drivers, are also included. This group does not include delivery departments or warehouses operated by business concerns for their own use.
Pipeline transport Transport by pipeline, on a contract or fee basis, of crude and refined petroleum, natural gas, coal, slurry and other commodities.
Supporting services to land transport Services in support of land transport, such as the operation of toll roads, highway bridges, vehicular tunnels and parking lots and structures; the rental of railroad cars and of automobiles and trucks without drivers. Storage or warehousing of motor vehicles (dead storage) is classifed in group 7192; and the rental of automobiles or trucks with drivers, is classifed in group 7113, 7114, respectively.
Water transport
Ocean and coastal water transport The operation of vessels for the transport of freight and passengers over-seas and coastwise.
Inland water transport The operation of vessels for the transport of freight and passengers by rivers, canals and other inland waterways. Included are ferries operated across rivers, domestic lakes and with harbors.
Supporting services to water transport The provision of supporting services to all kinds of water transport, such as maintenance and operation of piers, docks and associated buildings and facilities; pilotage; maintenance and operation of light-houses and other aids to navigation; loading and discharging of vessels; maintenance and operation of canals; salvaging of distressed vessels and cargoes; and ship leasing and rental.
Air transport
Air transport carriers The transport by air of passengers and freight, whether by regular services or by private charter.
Supporting services to air transport The operation of airports, flying feilds and air navigational facilities such as radio beacons, flying control centres and radar stations; aircraft rental.
Services allied to transport
Services incidental to transport Services incidental to transport, such as forwarding; packing and crating; arrangement of transport (including travel agencies); inspection, sampling and weighting; ship and aircraft brokers. The operation of stock yards which provide pens, feed, and selling areas for livestock temporarily held, either pending sale or in transit to or from the market is also included.
Storage and warehousing The operation of storage facilities and warehouses (including bonded and refrigerated warehouses) for hire by the general public for storage of such items as farm products, food, funiture and other household goods, automobile dead-storage, furs, whiskey, textiles and lumber, when such storage is offered as an independent service.
COM
Communication services rendered to the public whether by post, wire or radio and whether intended to be received audibly or visually. Services for the exchange or recording of messages are also included. Radio and television broadcasting studios and stations are classifed in group 9413 (SOC).
NACE-CLIO (R44)
FNI
FNS
Financial institutions
Monetary institutions The central banks, commercial banks and other banks which have deposits transferable by cheque, otherwise used in making payments, or available on demand.
Other financial institutions Savings banks; credit institutions other than banks such as saving and loan associations, agricultural credit institutions, industrial development banks, rediscount and financing institutions, personal credit institutions, loan correspondents and brokers; trust companies; investment companies and trusts; security and commodity brokers, dealers and underwriters
Financial services Foreign exchange dealers; units primarily engaged in cheque cashing and exchange or rental of safe deposits; security, commodity and bullion exchanges; investment research and counselling; stock quotation services; lease and patent brokers and licensing .
Insurance
Insurance carners of all kinds, such as life, fue, marine, accident, health, title, financial obligation, casualty, fidelity and surety; insurance agents and brokers; organizations servicing insurance carriers; consultants for policy holders; adjusting agencies; independently organized pension (superannuation) funds.
NACE-CLIO (R44)
69A. Services of credit and insurance institutions 811. Services of central banking authorities 812. Services of other monetary institutions 813. Services of other credit institutions 820. Services of insurance
RES
Real estate and business services
Real estate
Letting and operating real estate, such as non-residential buildings, apartment buildings and dwellings; developing and subdivising real estate into lots, including the development and sale of cemetery lots and residential development on own accounts; lessors of real property; real estate agents, brokers and managers engaged in renting, buying, selling, managing and appraising real estate on a contract or fee basis. This group does not include operators of hotels, rooming houses, camps, trailer camps and other lodging places, who are classifed in group 6320 (Hotels, rooming houses, camps and other lodging places : HOT).
Business services except machinery and equipment rentals and leasing
Legal services Office of advocates; barristers and solicitors in private practice; patent attorneys; and notaries public
Accounting, auditing and bookkeeping services Accounting, auditing and bookkeeping Services. This group also includes data processing and tabulating services provided as pait of accounting and bookkeeping services.
Data processing and tabulating services The provision of data processing and tabulating services of general character, on a fee or contract basis.
Engineering, architectural and technical services Consulting engineering; architectural services; surveying; geological and prospecting services for others on a fee or contract basis; and engineering and other commercial research, development and testing. Medical and dental laboratories are classifed in group 9331 (medical, dental and other health services); and research and scientifc institutes are classified in group 9320 (research and scientific institutes). Engineering and technical services camed on in association with manufacturing, construction, or other activities are classifed to the group appropriate to the activity with which the developmental or testing work is associated
Advertising services The organization and placing of advertising for clients in various types of media; preparing and presenting poster, painted and spectacular displays; and other advertising services such as aerial advertising copy, and commercial art work. Market research services provided to others on a fee or contract basis, are included in this group.
Business services, except machinery and equipment rental and leasing, not elsewhere classified Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing business services not elsewhere classifed to others on a fee or contract basis, such as credit rating agencies; adjustment and collection agencies; duplicating, addressing, blueprinting, photo copying, mailing list and stenographic services; employment agencies; news gathering and reporting agencies; business management and consulting services; fashion designers; bondsmen; finger print service; detective agencies and protective services.
Machinery and equipment rental and leasing
The renting or leasing, as a specialized service, of agricultural, mining and oil feld, manufacturing construction, vending, accounting, and office, and similar machinery and equipment. The leasing of agricultural or construction equipment with drivers is classifed in group 1120 (AGR) or 5000 (CST), respectively. The renting or leasing of transport equipment is classifed in the appropriate group of division 71 (Transport and storage : TRS); renting clothing, furniture, pillows, lockers and most other personal and household goods is classifed in group 6200 (retail trade : RWH); and the renting pleasure boats and canoes, motorcycles and bicycles, saddle horses, and similar recreational goods is included in group 9490 (Amusement and recreation services not elsewhere classifed : SOC).
SOC (including PGS and OPR)1
1 SOC data in ISDB exclude PGS and OPR which are defined on pages 70 to 72
Community, social and personal services
Pulblic administration and defence
Central, provincial, or state and local governments, including such organizations as the armed forces, police, and legislative, judicial, and administrative departments and offices. Departments, agencies and offices engaged in the administration of such activities as external affairs, taxation and finances, public order and safety, social security, business regulation and registration, statistical collection and analysis, and general economic, social and community policies, are included. This group does not include governmental activities other than general administration and regulation in respect of such fields as transport, communication, education, health, production, marketing, and the operation of fiancial institutions, each of which is classifed in an appropriate group in accordance with the given kind of activity.
Sanitary and similar services such as garbage and sewage disposal; the operation of drainage systems; and char, chimney, window and office cleaning, exterminating, fumigating and disinfecting; and similar services.
Social and related community services
Education services
Governmental and private education institutions of all type. This includes universities, colleges, primary and secondary schools; kindergartens; correspondence schools, continuation schools; own- account teachers; blind and deaf schools; arts and craft schools; music, dancing and other art schools; automobile driving schools. Governesses and tutors employed in a private household are classified in group 9591 (Domestic services, SOC). Schools which are primarily concerned with recreation such as bridge and golf schools are classified in group 9490 (Amusement and recreation services not elsewhere classifed, SOC).
Institutes primarily engaged in basic and general research in the biological, physical and social sciences. Meteorological institutes and medical research organizations are included. Organizations engaged in engineering research, product or process development and design, or testing are classifed in group 8324 (Engineering, architectural and technical services, RES). Laboratories rendering testing, diagnostic and other services to the medical and dental professions are classifed in group 9331 (Medical, dental and other health services). Research camed on in association with teaching is classifed in group 9310 (Education services SOC). Research departments, whether at a separate address or not, attached to establishments or groups of establishments the activities of which can be classifed under a single group of the ISIC are exclnded; and are classifed in that group.
Medical, dental, other health and veterinary services
Medical, dental, other health and veterinary services Medical, surgical, dental and other health services. This includes hospitals, sanatoria, nursing homes and similar institutions; maternity and child welfare clinics; nurses and midwives, whether employed in an organized health service or working on their own account; consulting rooms or offices of physicians, surgeons, and other medical practictioners; chiropodists; osteopaths; physiotherapists; optometrists; and similar practirioners; dental surgeons; ambulance services; medical and dental laboratories furnishing services to order as part of the diagnosis and treatment of patients by doctors and dentists. The fabrication of dentures and artifcial teeth other than to order is classified in group 3851 (MIO).
Veterinary services The services of veterinaries on a fee or contract basis; the practise of veterinary medicine, dentristry or surgery; animal hospitals and care centres.
Welfare institutions
Institutions primarily engaged in providing social welfare services, including those operated by governments, such as the Red Cross, organizations for the collection and allocation of charitable contributions; travellers' aid societies, children's aid societies, day nurseries, orphanages; homes for the aged; homes for the blind, family welfare societies; societies financing legal aid; and other charitable organizations.
Business associations, such as chambers of commerce, boards of trade, trade associations and farmers organizations; professional organizations, such as bar associations, medical associations, engineering associations and other professional membership organizations; and labour unions and similar labour organizations.
Other social and related community services
Religious organizations Churches, mosques, temples and other institutions operated primarily for holding religious services or for the promotion of religious activities, establishments maintained by religious organizations primarily for purposes of furnishing educational, health or welfare services or for publishing are classifed in the appropriate group in accordance with their main kind of activity.
Social and related community services not elsewhere classified Social and related community services not elsewhere classified, such as political organizations; civic social and fraternal organizations; historical clubs; and poetry associations.
Recreationat and cultural services
Motion picture and other entertainment services
9411 . Motion picture production The production of theatrical and non-theatrical motion pictures for exhibition including the production of still and slide films. Services independent of motion picture production, such as casting bureaus, film developing and printing and film editing and titling are also included.
Motion picture distribution and projection The renting of motion picture film or tape; and operating motion picture theatres. Services to motion picture distribution, such as film delivery service and film booking agencies are included.
Radio and television broadcasting Radio and television stations and studios primarily engaged in the production and dissemination to the public of aural and visual programmes. Included are close circuit television services and television and radio relay starions.
Theatrical producers and entertainment services Theatres providing "live" theatrical presentations, such as opera companies, concert organizations and stock companies, summer theatre, and burlesque houses; entertainment services such as bands and orchestras; and phonograph recording. This group also includes services allied with those presentations such as casting agencies and booking agencies for plays, artists and concerts; scenery, theatrical ticket agencies.
Authors, music composers and other independent artists not elsewhere classified Artists and lecturers working on own-account (self employed), such as actors, concert artists, entertainers and producers for radio, television, motion picrtures, plays and other presentations; composers and song writers; free-lance journalists; novelists, poets and other authors; lecturers; painters and sculptors.
Libraries, museums, botanical and zoological gardens, and other cultural services not elsewhere classified
Libraries, information centres, museums, art galleries, zoological and botanical gardens, and similar institutions.
The operation of dance halls and studios; bowling alleys; billiard and pool rooms; parks; bathing beaches and swimming pools; amusement parks and halls; race tracks; carnivals and shooting galleries; circuses; ice skating and roller skating rinks; riding academies; baseball, cricket, football and hockey clubs; gymnasiums, tennis court and golf courses; athletic fields and sports promoters; and other sports and amusement services not elsewhere classifed. The renting of pleasure boats and canoes, motorrycles and bicycles, golf cars, saddle horses and similar recreational goods is also included.
Personal and household services
Repair services not elsewhere classified
Establishments specializing in the repair of household appliances equipment and furnishings; motor cars and other consumer goods which are not classified elsewhere. The reconstruction or substantial alteration or renovation of these goods constitutes manufacturing and not repair services. Also covered in this major group are establishments specializing in the installation of major household appliances such as stoves and ranges, refrigerators, washing machine and television sets. Repair services in respect of consumer goods which are usually associated with the fabrication of the goods on a consumer goods which are usually associated with the fabrication of the goods on a custom basis, such as repair of upholstery, cabinets and funiture, window shades and venetian blinds, mirrors, picture frames and mountings, locksmith and gunsmith shops, fur coats and similar apparel, are classifed in the appropriate group of Manufacturing. Repair services rendered by establishments engaged in retail trade are covered in retail trade. The repair of clothing, bedspreads, blankets, curtains and other personal and household made- up textile is classifed in group 9520 (Laundries, laundry services, and cleanning and dyeing plants, SOC).
Repair of footwear and other leather goods The repair of boots and shoes (cobbling), luggage and handbags, and other leather goods. The repair of footwear by establishments manufacturing shoes on a custom basis, is classifed in group 3240 (Mnufacture of footwear except vulcanized or moulded rubber or plastic footwear).
Electrical repair shops Establishments primarily (almost exclusively) engaged in repairing, servicing and installing radio and television receivers; radio transmitting equipment and antennas in homes; gramophones and tape recorders, household refrigerators, washing machines, ironers and vacuum cleaners; and toasters, broilers, electric razors, and other household and personal electrical appliances.
Repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Establishment specializing in the repair, for the general public, of motor vehicles or motorcycles and of parts of these vehicles, such as motors, transmissions and gears, carburators and starters, radiator and wheels and brakes. The motor vehicle repair shops of petrol (gasoline) filling stations and the motor vehicle or motorcycle repair shops of establishments engaged in the sale of these vehicles to the general public, are classified in division 62 (retail trade, RWH).
Watch, clock and jewellery repair Establishments specializing in the repair of watches, clocks or jewellery for the general public. These repair services when rendered by retailers of watches, clocks or jewellery are covered in division 62 (Retail trade, RWH).
Other repair shops not elsewhere classifed Establishments specializing in a rendering repair and related services to the general public which is not elsewhere classifed, such as the repair and servicing of bicycles, type writers, carneras, binoculars and other photographic equipment, musical instruments, fountain pens, toys, knives and scissors and umbrellas and canes.
Laundries, laundry services, and cleaning and dyeing plants
The operation of mechanical or hand laundries; supplying on a rental basis of such laundered items as uniforms, coats, aprons, towels, table linens, bed linens, and diapers to industrial commercial or household users; dry cleaning, pressing and dyeing apparel, furs, household fabrics, and rugs; and repairing, altering and storing clothing, bedspreads, blankets, curtains and other made-up personal and household textiles.
Maids, cooks, laundresses, baby sitters, butlers, personal secretaries, gardeners, caretakers, and other maintenance workers for households, whether provided by individuals who are employed by these households or by business units primarily engaged in furnishing these services.
Miscellaneous personal services
Barber and beauty shops Barbering facilities and hairdressing services. This group also includes barber colleges and schools for the instruction of beauty parlour operators.
Photographic studios, including commercial photography Portrait photography for the general public, or photography for advertising agencies, publishers and other industrial users. Developing films and making photographic prints and enlargements for the trade or for the general public is also included. Processing motion picture film for the motion picture and television industries is classified in group 9411 (Motion picture production, SOC).
Personal services not elsewhere classified Personal services not elsewhere classified, such as, shoe shine parlours or stands, Turkish baths, massage parlours, morticians, crematories, cemetery upkeep, porter services, social escort services and shopping services.
International and other extra-territorial bodies
Establishments of the United Nations, the specialized agencies, the Organisation of American States, the Organization of African States, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the European Economic Community, the Council for Mutual Economic Co- operation and other international bodies; and of foreign embassies and other extra-territorial units
NACE-CLIO (R44)
PGS
Producers of government services
The producers of government services furnish, but normally do not sell, to the community those common services which cannot otherwise be conveniently and economically provided, and administer the State and the economic and social policy of the community. Their activities therefore differ substantially in character, cost-structure and source of finance from the activities of industries. The activities of the government services are largely financed by the government itself; and they are consequently considered to be the final consumers of most of the services and goods which they produce. Their cost-structure does not contain an element of operating surplus; and is made up, to a substantial extent, of compensation of employees. A very minor portion of the gross output of the producers of govemment services may be disposed of in the market on the terms which will result in classifcation as a commodity.
The producers of government services should include all bodies, department and establishments of government-central, state or provincial, district or county, municipal, town or village - which engage in a wide range of activities, for example, administration, defence and regulation of the public order; health, educational, cultural, recreational and other social services; and promotion of economic growth and welfare and technological development. The legislature, executive, departments, establishments and other bodies of government should be included, inespective of their treatment in the actual government accounts. It is immaterial whether they are accounted for in ordinary or extraordinary budgets, or in extra- budgetary funds.
In addition to the government units in the narrower sense, the producers of government services should include social security arrangements and certain other non-profit bodies even though they are not formally part of government. These are social security schemes and non-profit bodies which, by virtues of the relations with a government, are clearly instruments of the social or economic policies of the government. In some countries, these schemes and organizations are formally government bodies, while in other countries, this is not the case.
Embassies, consulates and military establishments of a country local abroad are also included.
NACE-CLIO (R44)
OPR
Other producers
"Other producers" should include the producers of private non-profit services to households and domestic services rendered by one household to another.
The role in an economy of the producers of private non-profit services to households is in certain respects, similar to that of some of the producers of government services. They furnish social and community services to households on convenient terms which would not otherwise be available. Like the producers of government services, the bodies under discussion provide the services to households on a non-profit basis. However, other facets of the arrangements under which the private non-profit producers operate are different. They consist of voluntary associations of individuals who have banded together in order to carry on specific activities. Some of these associations of individuals are designed to perform functions which the public authorities would not ordinarily undertake. Examples of such associations are trade unions, religious groups, fraternal societies and social clubs.
The transactors included in this category of producers primarily furnish services to households such as education, medical and dental care, welfare assistance, religion, and cultural, recreational and social facilities. The producers of private non-profit services to households differ from the industries and producers of government services engaged in the samne kind of economic activity, in respect of their sources of finance and control.
Though the private non-profit producers may sell some of their services to households, the receipts from these sales will not fully cover the costs of producing all of the services and goods they furnish. Their full cost of production, reduced by the receipts from sales, is considered to be their final consumption expenditure. The bulk of the services and goods they produce will not be classed as commodities. However, when the receipts from the sales of given services and goods cover the full costs of producing the items in question, these services and goods are classifed as commodities.
Much of the activities of producers of private non-proft services to households is usually financed through the dues of members, contributions, grants and endowments from individuals, business units and government, and income from property. The bodies may be societies, trade unions, churches, schools, hospitals, foundations, fraternal organizations, clubs etc., which have been founded by association of individuals without the aim of making profit. They may be incorporated or unincorporated. Associations of individuals should effectively determine the policies, programmes and activities of the private non-profit bodies. They may do this direcdy, by means of the selection of the officers, managers and executives, and/or through the election of a board of directors. Excluded from the producers of private non-profit services to households are units which, while not officially part of an organ of government, are wholly or mainly financed and controlled by the public authorities. These bodies are classed as producers of government services (PGS).
NACE-CLIO (R44)
General notes
The following tables report for each country the specifc sources used in the preparation of sectoral data.
Individual country notes are attached, concerning specific data availability, sources, reporting conventions and methods of construction. The generalised source abbreviations are as follows:
ANA OECD Annual National Accounts
LFS OECD Labour Force Statistics
CRO NEWCRONOS (Eurostat National Accounts)
* Secretariat estimates
.. Missing value
-> It is to be noted that, as several sources have been used for the same country, or because of re-basing, an aggregate series can be different than the sum of its components (for example, in total manufacturing industries (MAN) or in total industries (TIN)). The following tables will help to explain these differences.
KTVD
Although a standard format is used, most capital stock data are
based on national sources and have been compiled according to each country's own definitions. The national systems used in most countries are identical with or close to the System of National Accounts (SNA), the most important divergences with the SNA have been indicated in the explanatory notes. When the series are not comparable with the other aggregates, data have been estimated using a Perpetual Inventory Model similar to that used by Member countries. (See part 2, section A).
RKMV
The ratio of machinery and equipment over total capital stock at
1985 prices is obtained from the data base used for the OECD publication entitled "Flows and stocks of fixed capital". This ratio is not available for Japan, Norway and the Netherlands.
XGS, MGS
For imports and exports, the series of manufacturing
industries are taken from the OECD COMTAP data bank- for all countries. See OECD, department of Economics and Statistics Working Paper no 60; "Compatible Trade and Production Data Base : 1970-1985".
For EU countries, agriculture (AGR) and fuel and power products
(EGW) series are taken from the CRONOS data bank. The remaining series are not available.
All series are available from 1970 to 1992.
PPP
Output, investment and capital stock have been expressed in
constant dollar terms by means of purchasing power parities available in the OECD National Accounts publication ("Main aggregates", volume 1, part seven). See also table 1.1. (page 6) and "glossary of main terms" for PPP definition.
Klassifizierungsplan ********************************************************************************
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CLASSIFICATION PLAN:
--------------------
STRUCTURE OF THE CODE : XX / XXX / XXXX
SUB-CODES :
1 XX....... Country
2 ..XXX.... Industry code
3 .....XXXX Variable code
SUB-CODE 1 : Country
-----------
54 Australia
22 Belgium
44 Canada
30 Denmark
12 Federal Republic of Germany
64 Finland
14 France
16 Italy
46 Japan
18 Netherlands
58 Norway
60 Sweden
26 United Kingdom
42 United States of America
13 Western Germany
SUB-CODE 2 : Industry code
-----------
AGR Agriculture,hunting,forestry and fishing
MID Mining and quarrying
MAN Manufactoring
FOD Food,beverages and tobacco
TEX Textile,wearing apparel and leather industries
WOD Wood and wood products, incl.furnitures
PAP Paper and paper products, printing and publishing
CHE Chemicals and chemical petroleum,coal,rubbber and plastic products
MNM Non-metallic mineral products except products of petroleum and coal
BMI Basis metal industries
MEQ Fabricated metal products,machinery and equipment
BMA Metal products,except machinery and transport equipment
MAI Agricultural and industrial machinery
MIO Office and data processing machines,precision and optical instruments
MEL Electrical goods
MTR Transport equipment
MOT Other manufacturing industries
EGW Electricity,gas and water
CST Construction
RET Wholesale and retail trade,restaurants and hotels
RWH Wholesale and retail trade
HOT Restaurants and hotels
TRS Transport, storage and communication
TAS Transport and storage
COM Communication
FNI Finance,insurance,real estate and business services
FNS Financial institutions and insurance
RES Real estate and business services
SOC Community,social and personal services
TIN Total industries
PGS Producers of government services
OPR Other producers
TET Subtotal
TTX Total including all taxes
SUB-CODE 3 : Variable code
-----------
EE Number of employees
ET Total employment
HWY Average annual hours actually worked per person in employment
GDP Value added at market prices, current prices, national currency
GDPV Value added at market prices, at 1990 prices, national currency
GDPD Value added at market prices, at 1990 prices and 1990 PPPs (US$)
IT Gross fixed capital formation by kind of activity of owner, current prices, national currency
ITV Gross fixed capital formation, at 1990 prices, national currency
ITD Gross fixed capital formation, at 1990 prices and 1990 PPPs (US$)
KTO Gross capital stock, at current prices, national currency
KTVO Gross capital stock, at 1990 prices, national currency
KTVD Gross capital stock, at 1990 prices and 1990 PPPs (US$)
CAP KTVD data including OECD estimates
RKMV Ratio of machinery and equipment over total capital stock, at 1990 prices
NTO Net capital stock, at current prices, national currency
NTVO Net capital stock, at 1990 prices, national currency
NTVD Net capital stock, at 1990 prices and 1990 PPPs (US$)
CTO Consumption of fixed capital, at current prices, national currency
CTVO Consumption of fixed capital, at 1990 prices, national currency
CTVD Consumption of fixed capital, at 1990 prices and 1990 PPPs (US$)
IND Ratio of net indirect taxes to value added
OP Ratio of gross operating surplus to value added minus net indirect taxes
WSSS Compensation of employees, current prices, national currency
XGS Exports of goods in US dollars
MGS Imports of goods in US dollars
TFP Total factor productivity index (1990 = 1)
UNITS:
------
All data are expressed in units; thus employment figures are expressed in
number of people.
Ratios are expressed relative to 1 and not to 100. All other series are
given in units ot the currency selected.
The volume data are in 1990 constant prices and are represented in
national currency or converted to United States dollars using 1990
purchasing power parities (see table 1.1 in the explanatory notes).