HRST by category, age and NUTS 1 regions
methods, notes and classification
DATA_DESCR The Human Resources in Science and Technology (HRST)ádomain provides data on stocks andáflows (where flowsáin turn are divided intoájob-to-job mobility andáeducation inflows).Stocks and flows are the main statisticsáfor HRST. Their methodologies interlink and are therefore presented together in oneásingle metadata-file. This metadata-file is duplicatedáináthe structure of Eurostat'sáonline database, whileástatistics for stocks and flows are found in separate folders. Several breakdowns are available for stocks and flows indicators: age, region, sector of economic activity, occupation, educational attainment, fields of education, nationality and country of birth, although not all combinations are possible. The data on stocks and job-to-job mobility are obtained from the European Union Labour Force Survey (EU LFS). The National Statistical Institutes are responsible for conducting the surveys and forwarding the results to Eurostat. The data on education inflows are obtained from Eurostat's Education database and in turn obtained via the UNESCO/OECD/Eurostat questionnaire on education. The National Statistical Institutes are responsible for conducting the surveys, compiling the results and forwarding the results to Eurostat.
CLASS_SYSTEM HRST data on stock and flows are built based on the following standard classifications:NUTSISCO88ISCED97NACE Rev.2The definitions of employment and unemployment are the same as used in the primary data source EU LFSá(see EU LFS metadata under 21.2 and Annex 8 under 21.4). The regional breakdown of the EU Member States is based on the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statisticsá(NUTS). Data by sector are collected according to the Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community - NACE. With the implementation of NACE Rev.2 in 2008áa duplication of tables showing data by sector was needed. Henceforth, a set of tables to present the new results by NACE Rev.2 was introduced covering the data from 2008 and onwards.áThe set of tables by NACE Rev.1.1 cover the period from 1994 to 2008. (See detailed description of NACE Rev.1.1 and NACE Rev.2 in Annex 9 under 21.4.) Data by occupation are based on the International Standard Classification of Occupation (ISCO). Data by field of education are based on the Eurostat manual on fields of education and training (1999) and educational attainment on theáInternational Standard Classification of Education (ISCED97).
STAT_CONC_DEF Stocks Stocks provide information on the number of HRST at a particular point in time. For HRST statistics, stock data relate to the employment status as well as the occupational and educational profiles of individuals ináany given year. An HRST stock is "the number of people at a particular point in time who fulfill the conditions of the definition of HRST". See 3.6 and Annex 1 under 21.3 for the conditions of HRST.á Breakdowns are given according to gender, age, region, sector of activity, occupation, educational attainment, field of educational study, nationality and country of birth. SeeáAnnex 3 under 21.3 for a detailed description of the HRST stock indicators and breakdowns. Further, see Annex 8-10 under 21.3 for information on employment, sector and fields of education definitions used in HRST and Annex 11 which details the approach used for statistics on international mobility. Job-to-job mobility Mobility in this context is defined as the movement of an individual between one job and another from one year to the next. It does not include inflows into the labour market from a situation of unemployment or inactivity. The rates are built up using information both on when the current job began and the working status of the person in question one year before the survey. People must fulfill the condition of belonging to HRST in both periods of time. Users should note that because of the definition referring to people employed in both years, as far as mobility is concerned the coverage will be narrower than overall HRST which also includes unemployed or inactive individuals with a third level education. SeeáAnnexá4 under 21.3 for a detailed description of the HRST mobility indicators and breakdowns. Education inflow This data contains the real (graduation) and potential (participation) inflows from the education system into the stocks of Human Resources in Science and Technology (HRST) at the national level. Students graduating at the ISCED 6 level should, however, already be counted as a part of the HRST stocks since enrolment in education at the ISCED level 6 normally requires a degree at the ISCED level 5. Breakdowns are given according to gender, selected fields of study. Foreign students (students with nationality other than the country in which they are studying) are included in total students but also separately accounted for.á Dataáare available as total number in thousands andátotal numbers set in relation to the population aged 20-25 or 20-29 .The conditions of the above educational requirements are considered according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). SeeáAnnexá5 under 21.3 for a detailed description of the HRST education inflow indicators and breakdowns.
STAT_UNIT Stocks and job-to-job mobility The observationáunits of measurement for which results are obtained from the EU LFS survey are individuals and households. The definition of a household varies somewhat from country to country but these differences are unlikely in the majority of cases to have a significant effect on the quality of the results. Education inflow Participants refer to the number of students enrolled during the reference period. Graduates are those who successfully completed an educational program during the reference year. One condition of a successful completion is that students should have enrolled in, and successfully completed, the final year of the corresponding educational program, although not necessarily in the year of reference.
STAT_POP Stocks Data examines the existing labour market stocks of HRST at national and regional levels. Unless otherwise stated, data are aggregated in line with the recommendations laid down in The Manual on the Measurement of Human Resources devoted to S&T (Canberra Manual) issued in 1995 by the OECD. HRST are people who fulfill one or other of the following conditions: have successfully completed a tertiary level education and/or; are not formally qualified as above but are employed in a S&T occupation where the above qualifications are normally required. The conditions of the above educational or occupational requirements are considered according to the internationally harmonised standards ISCED andáISCO. Eurostat does not include managers (ISCO 1) in the HRST population. Eurostatáexcludes anyone below the age of 15 or over the age of 74 from the HRST population so the HRST statistics are based on the age-group 15-74 years, but it is advisable to use the age-group 25-64 which is available in the HRST tables. For more information see Annex 1 under 21.3. Job-to-job mobility Mobility (job-to-job mobility) of employed HRST is built up by considering the number of HRST employed in the years t-1 and t, that have changed jobs during the twelve month period. It is expressed as a proportion of the total number of HRST employed in year t.Employed HRST are those people who have: successfully completed a tertiary education and are employed in any kind of job;á or are not formally qualified as above but employed in a S&T occupation where the above qualifications are normally required Education inflow The data covers annual real (graduation) and potential (participation) inflows from the education system into HRST at the national level, by gender, some domains of study relevant to science and technology and also according to the citizenship of the students. Those people graduating at the ISCED 6 level will, however, already be a part of the HRST stocks since ISCED 6 refers to advanced research for which it is necessary to have a first degree. The conditions of the above educational requirements are considered according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). For more information see Annex 2 under 21.3.
REF_AREA European Union Member States and availableáCandidate Countries and EFTA countries. Dataáare currently available at national leveláand regional level (NUTSálevels 1 and 2). Until 2003, data by NACE sector of economic activityáare unavailable in Poland at 2 digit level. As a result, dataáare only available for Poland when the all NACE sectorsáare selected. This also has an effect on the EU-27 aggregate. Until 2003, results for these aggregates are available only in 1000s when all NACE sectors are selected. Ratio results are available but have been calculated by excluding Poland. From 2004, data by sector became available in Poland at 2 digit level.
BASE_PER Not applicable
UNIT_MEASURE HRST statistics are shown in number of persons in 1000s. These numbers are also related to various populations like for example '% of active population or % of employed population'. For detailed information on which unit of measure is used for each HRST table see Annex 3-5 under 21.4.
Methods 
Explanatory Notes 
Variables