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methods, notes and classification General government deficit (-) and surplus (+) - annual data methods, notes and classification

Methods Methods

Explanatory Notes Explanatory Notes

Public deficit/surplus is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as general government net borrowing/lending according to the European System of Accounts (ESA95). The general government sector comprises central government, state government, local government, and social security funds. The relevant definitions are provided in Council Regulation 3605/93, as amended. Data for the general government sector are consolidated between sub-sectors at the national level. The series are measured in euro and presented as a percentage of GDP.

Variables Variables Download

    • National accounts indicator (ESA 2010)
      • 0 Net lending (+) /net borrowing (-)
    • Sector
      • 0 General government
    • Unit of measure
      • 0 Percentage of gross domestic product (GDP)
      • 1 Million euro
    • Geopolitical entity (reporting)
      • 0 European Union - 27 countries (from 2020)
      • 1 Euro area – 20 countries (from 2023)
      • 2 Euro area - 19 countries (2015-2022)
      • 3 Belgium
      • 4 Bulgaria
      • 5 Czechia
      • 6 Denmark
      • 7 Germany
      • 8 Estonia
      • 9 Ireland
      • a Greece
      • b Spain
      • c France
      • d Croatia
      • e Italy
      • f Cyprus
      • g Latvia
      • h Lithuania
      • i Luxembourg
      • j Hungary
      • k Malta
      • l Netherlands
      • m Austria
      • n Poland
      • o Portugal
      • p Romania
      • q Slovenia
      • r Slovakia
      • s Finland
      • t Sweden