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methods, notes and classification General government deficit (-) and surplus (+) - annual data methods, notes and classification

Methods Methods

Explanatory Notes Explanatory Notes

Public deficit/surplus is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as general government net borrowing/lending according to the European System of Accounts (ESA95). The general government sector comprises central government, state government, local government, and social security funds. The relevant definitions are provided in Council Regulation 3605/93, as amended. Data for the general government sector are consolidated between sub-sectors at the national level. The series are measured in euro and presented as a percentage of GDP.

Variables Variables Download

    • National accounts indicator (ESA 2010)
      • 00 Net lending (+)/net borrowing (-)
    • Sector
      • 00 General government
    • Unit of measure
      • 00 Million euro
      • 01 Percentage of gross domestic product (GDP)
    • Geopolitical entity (reporting)
      • 000 European Union - 27 countries (from 2020)
      • 001 Euro area – 20 countries (from 2023)
      • 002 Euro area - 19 countries (2015-2022)
      • 003 Belgium
      • 004 Bulgaria
      • 005 Czechia
      • 006 Denmark
      • 007 Germany
      • 008 Estonia
      • 009 Ireland
      • 00a Greece
      • 00b Spain
      • 00c France
      • 00d Croatia
      • 00e Italy
      • 00f Cyprus
      • 00g Latvia
      • 00h Lithuania
      • 00i Luxembourg
      • 00j Hungary
      • 00k Malta
      • 00l Netherlands
      • 00m Austria
      • 00n Poland
      • 00o Portugal
      • 00p Romania
      • 00q Slovenia
      • 00r Slovakia
      • 00s Finland
      • 00t Sweden