Intramural R&D expenditure (GERD) by NUTS 2 regions methods, notes and classification

Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications" (Frascati Manual, 2002 edition, º 63 ). R&D intensity (R&D expenditures as a percentage of GDP) is an indicator of high political importance at the EU, national and regional levels.

• • Sector of performance
    • 0 All sectors
  • Unit of measure
    • 00 Percentage of gross domestic product (GDP)
  • Geopolitical entity (reporting)
    • 000 Région de Bruxelles-Capitale/Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest
    • 001 Prov. Antwerpen
    • 002 Prov. Limburg (BE)
    • 003 Prov. Oost-Vlaanderen
    • 004 Prov. Vlaams-Brabant
    • 005 Prov. West-Vlaanderen
    • 006 Prov. Brabant wallon
    • 007 Prov. Hainaut
    • 008 Prov. Liège
    • 009 Prov. Luxembourg (BE)
    • 00a Prov. Namur
    • 00b Extra-Regio NUTS 2
    • 00c Severozapaden
    • 00d Severen tsentralen
    • 00e Severoiztochen
    • 00f Yugoiztochen
    • 00g Yugozapaden
    • 00h Yuzhen tsentralen
    • 00i Praha
    • 00j Střední Čechy
    • 00k Jihozápad
    • 00l Severozápad
    • 00m Severovýchod
    • 00n Jihovýchod
    • 00o Střední Morava
    • 00p Moravskoslezsko
    • 00q Hovedstaden
    • 00r Sjælland
    • 00s Syddanmark
    • 00t Midtjylland
    • 00u Nordjylland
    • 00v Stuttgart
    • 00w Karlsruhe
    • 00x Freiburg
    • 00y Tübingen
    • 00z Oberbayern
    • 010 Niederbayern
    • 011 Oberpfalz
    • 012 Oberfranken
    • 013 Mittelfranken
    • 014 Unterfranken
    • 015 Schwaben
    • 016 Berlin
    • 017 Brandenburg
    • 018 Bremen
    • 019 Hamburg
    • 01a Darmstadt
    • 01b Gießen
    • 01c Kassel
    • 01d Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
    • 01e Braunschweig
    • 01f Hannover
    • 01g Lüneburg
    • 01h Weser-Ems
    • 01i Düsseldorf
    • 01j Köln
    • 01k Münster
    • 01l Detmold
    • 01m Arnsberg
    • 01n Koblenz
    • 01o Trier
    • 01p Rheinhessen-Pfalz
    • 01q Saarland
    • 01r Dresden
    • 01s Chemnitz
    • 01t Leipzig
    • 01u Sachsen-Anhalt
    • 01v Schleswig-Holstein
    • 01w Thüringen
    • 01x Eesti
    • 01y Northern and Western
    • 01z Southern
    • 020 Eastern and Midland
    • 021 Border, Midland and Western (NUTS 2013)
    • 022 Southern and Eastern (NUTS 2013)
    • 023 Attiki
    • 024 Voreio Aigaio
    • 025 Notio Aigaio
    • 026 Kriti
    • 027 Anatoliki Makedonia, Thraki
    • 028 Kentriki Makedonia
    • 029 Dytiki Makedonia
    • 02a Ipeiros
    • 02b Thessalia
    • 02c Ionia Nisia
    • 02d Dytiki Elláda
    • 02e Sterea Elláda
    • 02f Peloponnisos
    • 02g Galicia
    • 02h Principado de Asturias
    • 02i Cantabria
    • 02j País Vasco
    • 02k Comunidad Foral de Navarra
    • 02l La Rioja
    • 02m Aragón
    • 02n Comunidad de Madrid
    • 02o Castilla y León
    • 02p Castilla-La Mancha
    • 02q Extremadura
    • 02r Cataluña
    • 02s Comunitat Valenciana
    • 02t Illes Balears
    • 02u Andalucía
    • 02v Región de Murcia
    • 02w Ciudad de Ceuta
    • 02x Ciudad de Melilla
    • 02y Canarias
    • 02z Extra-Regio NUTS 2
    • 030 Ile de France
    • 031 Centre — Val de Loire
    • 032 Bourgogne
    • 033 Franche-Comté
    • 034 Basse-Normandie
    • 035 Haute-Normandie
    • 036 Nord-Pas de Calais
    • 037 Picardie
    • 038 Alsace
    • 039 Champagne-Ardenne
    • 03a Lorraine
    • 03b Pays de la Loire
    • 03c Bretagne
    • 03d Aquitaine
    • 03e Limousin
    • 03f Poitou-Charentes
    • 03g Languedoc-Roussillon
    • 03h Midi-Pyrénées
    • 03i Auvergne
    • 03j Rhône-Alpes
    • 03k Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur
    • 03l Corse
    • 03m Champagne-Ardenne (NUTS 2013)
    • 03n Picardie (NUTS 2013)
    • 03o Haute-Normandie (NUTS 2013)
    • 03p Centre (FR) (NUTS 2013)
    • 03q Basse-Normandie (NUTS 2013)
    • 03r Bourgogne (NUTS 2013)
    • 03s Nord-Pas-de-Calais (NUTS 2013)
    • 03t Lorraine (NUTS 2013)
    • 03u Alsace (NUTS 2013)
    • 03v Franche-Comté (NUTS 2013)
    • 03w Pays de la Loire (NUTS 2013)
    • 03x Bretagne (NUTS 2013)
    • 03y Poitou-Charentes (NUTS 2013)
    • 03z Aquitaine (NUTS 2013)
    • 040 Midi-Pyrénées (NUTS 2013)
    • 041 Limousin (NUTS 2013)
    • 042 Rhône-Alpes (NUTS 2013)
    • 043 Auvergne (NUTS 2013)
    • 044 Languedoc-Roussillon (NUTS 2013)
    • 045 Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (NUTS 2013)
    • 046 Corse (NUTS 2013)
    • 047 Extra-Regio NUTS 2
    • 048 Panonska Hrvatska
    • 049 Jadranska Hrvatska
    • 04a Kontinentalna Hrvatska (NUTS 2016)
    • 04b Grad Zagreb
    • 04c Sjeverna Hrvatska
    • 04d Piemonte
    • 04e Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste
    • 04f Liguria
    • 04g Lombardia
    • 04h Abruzzo
    • 04i Molise
    • 04j Campania
    • 04k Puglia
    • 04l Basilicata
    • 04m Calabria
    • 04n Sicilia
    • 04o Sardegna
    • 04p Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen
    • 04q Provincia Autonoma di Trento
    • 04r Veneto
    • 04s Friuli-Venezia Giulia
    • 04t Emilia-Romagna
    • 04u Toscana
    • 04v Umbria
    • 04w Marche
    • 04x Lazio
    • 04y Kýpros
    • 04z Latvija
    • 050 Extra-Regio NUTS 2
    • 051 Sostinės regionas
    • 052 Vidurio ir vakarų Lietuvos regionas
    • 053 Luxembourg
    • 054 Budapest
    • 055 Pest
    • 056 Közép-Magyarország (NUTS 2013)
    • 057 Közép-Dunántúl
    • 058 Nyugat-Dunántúl
    • 059 Dél-Dunántúl
    • 05a Észak-Magyarország
    • 05b Észak-Alföld
    • 05c Dél-Alföld
    • 05d Malta
    • 05e Extra-Regio NUTS 2
    • 05f Groningen
    • 05g Friesland (NL)
    • 05h Drenthe
    • 05i Overijssel
    • 05j Gelderland
    • 05k Flevoland
    • 05l Utrecht (NUTS 2021)
    • 05m Noord-Holland
    • 05n Zuid-Holland (NUTS 2021)
    • 05o Zeeland
    • 05p Utrecht
    • 05q Zuid-Holland
    • 05r Noord-Brabant
    • 05s Limburg (NL)
    • 05t Burgenland
    • 05u Niederösterreich
    • 05v Wien
    • 05w Kärnten
    • 05x Steiermark
    • 05y Oberösterreich
    • 05z Salzburg
    • 060 Tirol
    • 061 Vorarlberg
    • 062 Extra-Regio NUTS 2
    • 063 Lódzkie (NUTS 2013)
    • 064 Mazowieckie (NUTS 2013)
    • 065 Małopolskie
    • 066 Śląskie
    • 067 Lubelskie (NUTS 2013)
    • 068 Podkarpackie (NUTS 2013)
    • 069 Swietokrzyskie (NUTS 2013)
    • 06a Podlaskie (NUTS 2013)
    • 06b Wielkopolskie
    • 06c Zachodniopomorskie
    • 06d Lubuskie
    • 06e Dolnośląskie
    • 06f Opolskie
    • 06g Kujawsko-pomorskie
    • 06h Warmińsko-mazurskie
    • 06i Pomorskie
    • 06j Łódzkie
    • 06k Świętokrzyskie
    • 06l Lubelskie
    • 06m Podkarpackie
    • 06n Podlaskie
    • 06o Warszawski stołeczny
    • 06p Mazowiecki regionalny
    • 06q Norte
    • 06r Algarve
    • 06s Centro (PT) (NUTS 2021)
    • 06t Área Metropolitana de Lisboa (NUTS 2021)
    • 06u Alentejo (NUTS 2021)
    • 06v Centro (PT)
    • 06w Grande Lisboa
    • 06x Península de Setúbal
    • 06y Alentejo
    • 06z Oeste e Vale do Tejo
    • 070 Região Autónoma dos Açores
    • 071 Região Autónoma da Madeira
    • 072 Nord-Vest
    • 073 Centru
    • 074 Nord-Est
    • 075 Sud-Est
    • 076 Sud-Muntenia
    • 077 Bucureşti-Ilfov
    • 078 Sud-Vest Oltenia
    • 079 Vest
    • 07a Vzhodna Slovenija
    • 07b Vzhodna Slovenija (NUTS 2010)
    • 07c Zahodna Slovenija
    • 07d Zahodna Slovenija (NUTS 2010)
    • 07e Bratislavský kraj
    • 07f Západné Slovensko
    • 07g Stredné Slovensko
    • 07h Východné Slovensko
    • 07i Länsi-Suomi
    • 07j Helsinki-Uusimaa
    • 07k Etelä-Suomi
    • 07l Pohjois- ja Itä-Suomi
    • 07m Åland
    • 07n Stockholm
    • 07o Östra Mellansverige
    • 07p Småland med öarna
    • 07q Sydsverige
    • 07r Västsverige
    • 07s Norra Mellansverige
    • 07t Mellersta Norrland
    • 07u Övre Norrland
    • 07v Extra-Regio NUTS 2
    • 07w Ísland
    • 07x Oslo og Akershus (statistical region 2016)
    • 07y Innlandet
    • 07z Sør-Østlandet (statistical region 2016)
    • 080 Agder og Rogaland (statistical region 2016)
    • 081 Vestlandet (statistical region 2016)
    • 082 Trøndelag
    • 083 Nord-Norge
    • 084 Oslo og Viken
    • 085 Agder og Sør-Østlandet
    • 086 Vestlandet
    • 087 Tees Valley and Durham (NUTS 2021)
    • 088 Northumberland and Tyne and Wear (NUTS 2021)
    • 089 Cumbria (NUTS 2021)
    • 08a Greater Manchester (NUTS 2021)
    • 08b Lancashire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08c Cheshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08d Merseyside (NUTS 2021)
    • 08e East Yorkshire and Northern Lincolnshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08f North Yorkshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08g South Yorkshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08h West Yorkshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08i Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08j Leicestershire, Rutland and Northamptonshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08k Lincolnshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08l Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08m Shropshire and Staffordshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08n West Midlands (NUTS 2021)
    • 08o East Anglia (NUTS 2021)
    • 08p Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08q Essex (NUTS 2021)
    • 08r Inner London (NUTS 2010)
    • 08s Outer London (NUTS 2010)
    • 08t Inner London - West (NUTS 2021)
    • 08u Inner London - East (NUTS 2021)
    • 08v Outer London - East and North East (NUTS 2021)
    • 08w Outer London - South (NUTS 2021)
    • 08x Outer London - West and North West (NUTS 2021)
    • 08y Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08z Surrey, East and West Sussex (NUTS 2021)
    • 090 Hampshire and Isle of Wight (NUTS 2021)
    • 091 Kent (NUTS 2021)
    • 092 Gloucestershire, Wiltshire and Bristol/Bath area (NUTS 2021)
    • 093 Dorset and Somerset (NUTS 2021)
    • 094 Cornwall and Isles of Scilly (NUTS 2021)
    • 095 Devon (NUTS 2021)
    • 096 West Wales and The Valleys (NUTS 2021)
    • 097 East Wales (NUTS 2021)
    • 098 Eastern Scotland (NUTS 2013)
    • 099 South Western Scotland (NUTS 2013)
    • 09a North Eastern Scotland (NUTS 2021)
    • 09b Highlands and Islands (NUTS 2021)
    • 09c Eastern Scotland (NUTS 2021)
    • 09d West Central Scotland (NUTS 2021)
    • 09e Southern Scotland (NUTS 2021)
    • 09f Northern Ireland (UK) (NUTS 2021)
    • 09g Crna Gora
    • 09h Severna Makedonija
    • 09i Beogradski region
    • 09j Region Vojvodine
    • 09k Region Sumadije i Zapadne Srbije
    • 09l Region Juzne i Istocne Srbije
    • 09m Extra-Regio level 2
    • 09n İstanbul
    • 09o Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli
    • 09p Balıkesir, Çanakkale
    • 09q İzmir
    • 09r Aydın, Denizli, Muğla
    • 09s Manisa, Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya, Uşak
    • 09t Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik
    • 09u Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova
    • 09v Ankara
    • 09w Konya, Karaman
    • 09x Antalya, Isparta, Burdur
    • 09y Adana, Mersin
    • 09z Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Osmaniye
    • 0a0 Kırıkkale, Aksaray, Niğde, Nevşehir, Kırşehir
    • 0a1 Kayseri, Sivas, Yozgat
    • 0a2 Zonguldak, Karabük, Bartın
    • 0a3 Kastamonu, Çankırı, Sinop
    • 0a4 Samsun, Tokat, Çorum, Amasya
    • 0a5 Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüşhane
    • 0a6 Erzurum, Erzincan, Bayburt
    • 0a7 Ağrı, Kars, Iğdır, Ardahan
    • 0a8 Malatya, Elazığ, Bingöl, Tunceli
    • 0a9 Van, Muş, Bitlis, Hakkari
    • 0aa Gaziantep, Adıyaman, Kilis
    • 0ab Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır
    • 0ac Mardin, Batman, Şırnak, Siirt