Intramural R&D expenditure (GERD) by NUTS 2 regions methods, notes and classification

Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications" (Frascati Manual, 2002 edition, º 63 ). R&D intensity (R&D expenditures as a percentage of GDP) is an indicator of high political importance at the EU, national and regional levels.

• • Sector of performance
    • 0 All sectors
  • Unit of measure
    • 00 Percentage of gross domestic product (GDP)
  • Geopolitical entity (reporting)
    • 000 Euro area – 20 countries (from 2023)
    • 001 Région de Bruxelles-Capitale/Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest
    • 002 Prov. Antwerpen
    • 003 Prov. Limburg (BE)
    • 004 Prov. Oost-Vlaanderen
    • 005 Prov. Vlaams-Brabant
    • 006 Prov. West-Vlaanderen
    • 007 Prov. Brabant wallon
    • 008 Prov. Hainaut
    • 009 Prov. Liège
    • 00a Prov. Luxembourg (BE)
    • 00b Prov. Namur
    • 00c Extra-Regio NUTS 2
    • 00d Severozapaden
    • 00e Severen tsentralen
    • 00f Severoiztochen
    • 00g Yugoiztochen
    • 00h Yugozapaden
    • 00i Yuzhen tsentralen
    • 00j Praha
    • 00k Střední Čechy
    • 00l Jihozápad
    • 00m Severozápad
    • 00n Severovýchod
    • 00o Jihovýchod
    • 00p Střední Morava
    • 00q Moravskoslezsko
    • 00r Hovedstaden
    • 00s Sjælland
    • 00t Syddanmark
    • 00u Midtjylland
    • 00v Nordjylland
    • 00w Stuttgart
    • 00x Karlsruhe
    • 00y Freiburg
    • 00z Tübingen
    • 010 Oberbayern
    • 011 Niederbayern
    • 012 Oberpfalz
    • 013 Oberfranken
    • 014 Mittelfranken
    • 015 Unterfranken
    • 016 Schwaben
    • 017 Berlin
    • 018 Brandenburg
    • 019 Bremen
    • 01a Hamburg
    • 01b Darmstadt
    • 01c Gießen
    • 01d Kassel
    • 01e Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
    • 01f Braunschweig
    • 01g Hannover
    • 01h Lüneburg
    • 01i Weser-Ems
    • 01j Düsseldorf
    • 01k Köln
    • 01l Münster
    • 01m Detmold
    • 01n Arnsberg
    • 01o Koblenz
    • 01p Trier
    • 01q Rheinhessen-Pfalz
    • 01r Saarland
    • 01s Dresden
    • 01t Chemnitz
    • 01u Leipzig
    • 01v Sachsen-Anhalt
    • 01w Schleswig-Holstein
    • 01x Thüringen
    • 01y Eesti
    • 01z Northern and Western
    • 020 Southern
    • 021 Eastern and Midland
    • 022 Border, Midland and Western (NUTS 2013)
    • 023 Southern and Eastern (NUTS 2013)
    • 024 Attiki
    • 025 Voreio Aigaio
    • 026 Notio Aigaio
    • 027 Kriti
    • 028 Anatoliki Makedonia, Thraki
    • 029 Kentriki Makedonia
    • 02a Dytiki Makedonia
    • 02b Ipeiros
    • 02c Thessalia
    • 02d Ionia Nisia
    • 02e Dytiki Elláda
    • 02f Sterea Elláda
    • 02g Peloponnisos
    • 02h Galicia
    • 02i Principado de Asturias
    • 02j Cantabria
    • 02k País Vasco
    • 02l Comunidad Foral de Navarra
    • 02m La Rioja
    • 02n Aragón
    • 02o Comunidad de Madrid
    • 02p Castilla y León
    • 02q Castilla-La Mancha
    • 02r Extremadura
    • 02s Cataluña
    • 02t Comunitat Valenciana
    • 02u Illes Balears
    • 02v Andalucía
    • 02w Región de Murcia
    • 02x Ciudad de Ceuta
    • 02y Ciudad de Melilla
    • 02z Canarias
    • 030 Extra-Regio NUTS 2
    • 031 Ile de France
    • 032 Centre — Val de Loire
    • 033 Bourgogne
    • 034 Franche-Comté
    • 035 Basse-Normandie
    • 036 Haute-Normandie
    • 037 Nord-Pas de Calais
    • 038 Picardie
    • 039 Alsace
    • 03a Champagne-Ardenne
    • 03b Lorraine
    • 03c Pays de la Loire
    • 03d Bretagne
    • 03e Aquitaine
    • 03f Limousin
    • 03g Poitou-Charentes
    • 03h Languedoc-Roussillon
    • 03i Midi-Pyrénées
    • 03j Auvergne
    • 03k Rhône-Alpes
    • 03l Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur
    • 03m Corse
    • 03n Champagne-Ardenne (NUTS 2013)
    • 03o Picardie (NUTS 2013)
    • 03p Haute-Normandie (NUTS 2013)
    • 03q Centre (FR) (NUTS 2013)
    • 03r Basse-Normandie (NUTS 2013)
    • 03s Bourgogne (NUTS 2013)
    • 03t Nord-Pas-de-Calais (NUTS 2013)
    • 03u Lorraine (NUTS 2013)
    • 03v Alsace (NUTS 2013)
    • 03w Franche-Comté (NUTS 2013)
    • 03x Pays de la Loire (NUTS 2013)
    • 03y Bretagne (NUTS 2013)
    • 03z Poitou-Charentes (NUTS 2013)
    • 040 Aquitaine (NUTS 2013)
    • 041 Midi-Pyrénées (NUTS 2013)
    • 042 Limousin (NUTS 2013)
    • 043 Rhône-Alpes (NUTS 2013)
    • 044 Auvergne (NUTS 2013)
    • 045 Languedoc-Roussillon (NUTS 2013)
    • 046 Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (NUTS 2013)
    • 047 Corse (NUTS 2013)
    • 048 Extra-Regio NUTS 2
    • 049 Panonska Hrvatska
    • 04a Jadranska Hrvatska
    • 04b Kontinentalna Hrvatska (NUTS 2016)
    • 04c Grad Zagreb
    • 04d Sjeverna Hrvatska
    • 04e Piemonte
    • 04f Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste
    • 04g Liguria
    • 04h Lombardia
    • 04i Abruzzo
    • 04j Molise
    • 04k Campania
    • 04l Puglia
    • 04m Basilicata
    • 04n Calabria
    • 04o Sicilia
    • 04p Sardegna
    • 04q Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen
    • 04r Provincia Autonoma di Trento
    • 04s Veneto
    • 04t Friuli-Venezia Giulia
    • 04u Emilia-Romagna
    • 04v Toscana
    • 04w Umbria
    • 04x Marche
    • 04y Lazio
    • 04z Kýpros
    • 050 Latvija
    • 051 Extra-Regio NUTS 2
    • 052 Sostinės regionas
    • 053 Vidurio ir vakarų Lietuvos regionas
    • 054 Luxembourg
    • 055 Budapest
    • 056 Pest
    • 057 Közép-Magyarország (NUTS 2013)
    • 058 Közép-Dunántúl
    • 059 Nyugat-Dunántúl
    • 05a Dél-Dunántúl
    • 05b Észak-Magyarország
    • 05c Észak-Alföld
    • 05d Dél-Alföld
    • 05e Malta
    • 05f Extra-Regio NUTS 2
    • 05g Groningen
    • 05h Friesland (NL)
    • 05i Drenthe
    • 05j Overijssel
    • 05k Gelderland
    • 05l Flevoland
    • 05m Utrecht (NUTS 2021)
    • 05n Noord-Holland
    • 05o Zuid-Holland (NUTS 2021)
    • 05p Zeeland
    • 05q Noord-Brabant
    • 05r Limburg (NL)
    • 05s Burgenland
    • 05t Niederösterreich
    • 05u Wien
    • 05v Kärnten
    • 05w Steiermark
    • 05x Oberösterreich
    • 05y Salzburg
    • 05z Tirol
    • 060 Vorarlberg
    • 061 Extra-Regio NUTS 2
    • 062 Lódzkie (NUTS 2013)
    • 063 Mazowieckie (NUTS 2013)
    • 064 Małopolskie
    • 065 Śląskie
    • 066 Lubelskie (NUTS 2013)
    • 067 Podkarpackie (NUTS 2013)
    • 068 Swietokrzyskie (NUTS 2013)
    • 069 Podlaskie (NUTS 2013)
    • 06a Wielkopolskie
    • 06b Zachodniopomorskie
    • 06c Lubuskie
    • 06d Dolnośląskie
    • 06e Opolskie
    • 06f Kujawsko-pomorskie
    • 06g Warmińsko-mazurskie
    • 06h Pomorskie
    • 06i Łódzkie
    • 06j Świętokrzyskie
    • 06k Lubelskie
    • 06l Podkarpackie
    • 06m Podlaskie
    • 06n Warszawski stołeczny
    • 06o Mazowiecki regionalny
    • 06p Norte
    • 06q Algarve
    • 06r Centro (PT) (NUTS 2021)
    • 06s Área Metropolitana de Lisboa (NUTS 2021)
    • 06t Alentejo (NUTS 2021)
    • 06u Região Autónoma dos Açores
    • 06v Região Autónoma da Madeira
    • 06w Nord-Vest
    • 06x Centru
    • 06y Nord-Est
    • 06z Sud-Est
    • 070 Sud-Muntenia
    • 071 Bucureşti-Ilfov
    • 072 Sud-Vest Oltenia
    • 073 Vest
    • 074 Vzhodna Slovenija
    • 075 Vzhodna Slovenija (NUTS 2010)
    • 076 Zahodna Slovenija
    • 077 Zahodna Slovenija (NUTS 2010)
    • 078 Bratislavský kraj
    • 079 Západné Slovensko
    • 07a Stredné Slovensko
    • 07b Východné Slovensko
    • 07c Länsi-Suomi
    • 07d Helsinki-Uusimaa
    • 07e Etelä-Suomi
    • 07f Pohjois- ja Itä-Suomi
    • 07g Åland
    • 07h Stockholm
    • 07i Östra Mellansverige
    • 07j Småland med öarna
    • 07k Sydsverige
    • 07l Västsverige
    • 07m Norra Mellansverige
    • 07n Mellersta Norrland
    • 07o Övre Norrland
    • 07p Ísland
    • 07q Oslo og Akershus (statistical region 2016)
    • 07r Innlandet
    • 07s Sør-Østlandet (statistical region 2016)
    • 07t Agder og Rogaland (statistical region 2016)
    • 07u Vestlandet (statistical region 2016)
    • 07v Trøndelag
    • 07w Nord-Norge
    • 07x Oslo og Viken
    • 07y Agder og Sør-Østlandet
    • 07z Vestlandet
    • 080 Tees Valley and Durham (NUTS 2021)
    • 081 Northumberland and Tyne and Wear (NUTS 2021)
    • 082 Cumbria (NUTS 2021)
    • 083 Greater Manchester (NUTS 2021)
    • 084 Lancashire (NUTS 2021)
    • 085 Cheshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 086 Merseyside (NUTS 2021)
    • 087 East Yorkshire and Northern Lincolnshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 088 North Yorkshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 089 South Yorkshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08a West Yorkshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08b Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08c Leicestershire, Rutland and Northamptonshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08d Lincolnshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08e Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08f Shropshire and Staffordshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08g West Midlands (NUTS 2021)
    • 08h East Anglia (NUTS 2021)
    • 08i Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08j Essex (NUTS 2021)
    • 08k Inner London (NUTS 2010)
    • 08l Outer London (NUTS 2010)
    • 08m Inner London - West (NUTS 2021)
    • 08n Inner London - East (NUTS 2021)
    • 08o Outer London - East and North East (NUTS 2021)
    • 08p Outer London - South (NUTS 2021)
    • 08q Outer London - West and North West (NUTS 2021)
    • 08r Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire (NUTS 2021)
    • 08s Surrey, East and West Sussex (NUTS 2021)
    • 08t Hampshire and Isle of Wight (NUTS 2021)
    • 08u Kent (NUTS 2021)
    • 08v Gloucestershire, Wiltshire and Bristol/Bath area (NUTS 2021)
    • 08w Dorset and Somerset (NUTS 2021)
    • 08x Cornwall and Isles of Scilly (NUTS 2021)
    • 08y Devon (NUTS 2021)
    • 08z West Wales and The Valleys (NUTS 2021)
    • 090 East Wales (NUTS 2021)
    • 091 Eastern Scotland (NUTS 2013)
    • 092 South Western Scotland (NUTS 2013)
    • 093 North Eastern Scotland (NUTS 2021)
    • 094 Highlands and Islands (NUTS 2021)
    • 095 Eastern Scotland (NUTS 2021)
    • 096 West Central Scotland (NUTS 2021)
    • 097 Southern Scotland (NUTS 2021)
    • 098 Northern Ireland (UK) (NUTS 2021)
    • 099 Crna Gora
    • 09a Severna Makedonija
    • 09b Beogradski region
    • 09c Region Vojvodine
    • 09d Region Sumadije i Zapadne Srbije
    • 09e Region Juzne i Istocne Srbije
    • 09f İstanbul
    • 09g Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli
    • 09h Balıkesir, Çanakkale
    • 09i İzmir
    • 09j Aydın, Denizli, Muğla
    • 09k Manisa, Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya, Uşak
    • 09l Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik
    • 09m Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova
    • 09n Ankara
    • 09o Konya, Karaman
    • 09p Antalya, Isparta, Burdur
    • 09q Adana, Mersin
    • 09r Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Osmaniye
    • 09s Kırıkkale, Aksaray, Niğde, Nevşehir, Kırşehir
    • 09t Kayseri, Sivas, Yozgat
    • 09u Zonguldak, Karabük, Bartın
    • 09v Kastamonu, Çankırı, Sinop
    • 09w Samsun, Tokat, Çorum, Amasya
    • 09x Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüşhane
    • 09y Erzurum, Erzincan, Bayburt
    • 09z Ağrı, Kars, Iğdır, Ardahan
    • 0a0 Malatya, Elazığ, Bingöl, Tunceli
    • 0a1 Van, Muş, Bitlis, Hakkari
    • 0a2 Gaziantep, Adıyaman, Kilis
    • 0a3 Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır
    • 0a4 Mardin, Batman, Şırnak, Siirt