Share of government budget appropriations or outlays on research and development methods, notes and classification

Data on Government Budget Appropriations or Outlays on Research and Development (GBAORD) refer to budget provisions, not to actual expenditure, i.e. GBAORD measures government support for R&D using data collected from budgets. The GBAORD indicator should be seen as a complement to indicators based on surveys of R&D performers, which are considered to be a more accurate but less timely way of measuring R&D activities. In this table, total GBAORD is expressed as a percentage of total general government expenditure.

• • Unit of measure
    • 00 Percentage of government expenditure
  • Geopolitical entity (reporting)
    • 000 European Union - 27 countries (from 2020)
    • 001 Euro area – 20 countries (from 2023)
    • 002 Euro area - 19 countries (2015-2022)
    • 003 Belgium
    • 004 Bulgaria
    • 005 Czechia
    • 006 Denmark
    • 007 Germany
    • 008 Estonia
    • 009 Ireland
    • 00a Greece
    • 00b Spain
    • 00c France
    • 00d Croatia
    • 00e Italy
    • 00f Cyprus
    • 00g Latvia
    • 00h Lithuania
    • 00i Luxembourg
    • 00j Hungary
    • 00k Malta
    • 00l Netherlands
    • 00m Austria
    • 00n Poland
    • 00o Portugal
    • 00p Romania
    • 00q Slovenia
    • 00r Slovakia
    • 00s Finland
    • 00t Sweden
    • 00u Iceland
    • 00v Norway
    • 00w Switzerland
    • 00x United Kingdom
    • 00y Russia
    • 00z United States
    • 010 Japan
    • 011 South Korea